New Words 11

Question 1

keep house

Answer 1

To maintain one’s household, especially by performing housework such as cleaning, etc.

➡ It’s hard to keep house to the same standards that you used to before you had kids.

Question 2

pool

Answer 2

verb[T]

combine your money, ideas, skills etc with those of other people so that you can all use them
➡Investors agreed topooltheirresourcesto develop the property.
➡The students worked together, pooling their knowledge.

Question 3

fuss

Noun

Answer 3

S3/fʌs/noun[singular, U]

1)anxious behaviour or activity that is usually about unimportant things
➡James said he’d better be getting back or there’dbe a fuss.
➡The Steamatic enables you to clean any carpetwiththeminimum of fuss.

2)attention or excitement that is usually unnecessary or unwelcome
➡They wanted a quiet wedding without any fuss.
➡ Until I heard her sing I couldn’t seewhat all the fuss w

Question 4

a strong relationship between people, groups, or countries

Answer 4

tie

⛥close/strong ties
➡the importance of strongfamily ties

⛥tie between/with
➡ close ties between the two countries

⛥economic/diplomatic/personal etc ties
➡ Japan’s strong economic ties with Taiwanthe ties of marriage/friendship/love etc

Question 5

something that is done in a way that is different from the way it is usually done

Answer 5

var‧i‧a‧tion

W2AC
/ˌveəriˈeɪʆn$ˌver-/noun

➡ Most of his poems arevariations onthethemeof love.

Question 6

pro‧mote

S3W2AC
/prəˈməʊt$-ˈmoʊt/verb[T]

Answer 6

to help something to develop or increase
➡a meeting to promote trade between Taiwan and the UK
➡Fertilizer promotes leaf growth.

Question 7

opposite

Answer 7

Con‧verse
AC/ˈkɒnvɜːs$kənˈvɜːrs/adjective
(formal)
➡a converse example

➖➖➖➖➖➖

con‧verse1
/kənˈvɜːs$-ˈvɜːrs/verbIto have a conversation with someone
🔺SYNtalk
⛥converse with
➡She enjoyed the chance to converse with another French speaker.

➖➖➖➖➖
con‧verse‧ly
AC/kənˈvɜːsli, ˈkɒnvɜːsli$kənˈvɜːrsli, ˈkɑːnvɜːrsli/adverb

used when one situation is the opposite of another
➡American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.

Question 8

likely to change often :

Answer 8

variable AC / ˈveəriəb ə l $ ˈver- / adjective
متغير
»> Expect variable cloudiness and fog tomorrow.
»> Interest rates can be “highly variable”.
+ variable in size/shape/colour etc
»> These fish are highly variable in color and pattern.
——————
invariable AC / ɪnˈveəriəb ə l $ -ˈver- / adjective
دايم - هميشگي - ثابت
1 always happening in the same way, at the same time etc :
»> His invariable answer was ‘Wait and see.’
2 technical never changing OPP variable :
»> Mass, unlike weight, is invariable.

Question 9

to make a person or an animal think or behave in a certain way by influencing or training them over a period of time

Answer 9

condition 2 verb 
1 
>>> People are conditioned by society. 
\+ condition somebody to do something 
>>> Many women are conditioned from birth to be accepting rather than questioning. 

2 [ transitive ] formal
to control or decide the way in which something can happen or exist SYN determine :
»> What I buy is conditioned by the amount I earn.

Question 10

deliberately different from what is usual, expected, or traditional

Answer 10

al‧ter‧na‧tive
S2W2AC
/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv$ɒːlˈtɜːr-, æl-/adjective

⛥ alternative music/theatre etc
➡ Tucson’s alternative radio station

🔊🔊sources ofalternative energy(=energy produced by the sun, wind etc rather than by gas, coal etc)

➡ tolerance ofalternative lifestyles

⛥ alternative medicine/therapies(=medical treatment that is not based on the usual western methods)
➡ Acupuncture is widely used by practitioners of alternative medicine.

Question 11

in‧ter‧pret‧er

Answer 11

/ɪnˈtɜːprtə$-ˈtɜːrprtər/noun[C]

someone who changes spoken words from one language into another, especially as their job

🔊 translator

➡ Speakingthrough an interpreter(=using an interpreter), Ahmed said, ‘I’m very worried about my wife and children.’

Question 12

Prospect

Answer 12

کار شود

Question 13

bur‧sa‧ry

Answer 13

/ˈbɜːsəri$ˈbɜːr-/noun(pluralbursaries)C
an amount of money given to someone so that they can study at a university or college
🔺 SYNgrant

Question 14

to give part of your power or work to someone in a lower position than you

Answer 14

del‧e‧gate
/ˈdelgeɪt/verb

1)[I,T]
➡ A good manager knows when to delegate.
➡ It takes experience to judge correctly how much power should be delegated.
⛥delegate something to somebody
➡ Minor tasks should be delegated to your assistant.

2)[T]to choose someone to do a particular job, or to be a representative of a group, organization etc
⛥delegate somebody to do something
➡ I was delegated to find a suitable conference venue.
➖➖➖➖➖➖

del‧e‧gate
/ˈdelgt/noun[C]
someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group
🔊 →representative
➡ Around 350 delegates attended the conference.

Question 15

cram

Answer 15

to prepare yourself for an examination by learning a lot of information quickly
🔺 SYNswot
➡She’s been cramming hard all week.cram for
➡ I have to cram for my chemistry test tomorrow.

Question 16

affecting only the surface of your skin or the outside part of something, and therefore not serious

Answer 16

1)not looking/studying carefullynot studying or looking at something carefully and only seeing the most noticeable thingssuperficial examination/study etcEven a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws.Naturally, such visits can allow only the most superficial understanding of prison life.

2)appearanceseeming to have a particular quality, although this is not true or realsuperficial resemblance/similarityDespite their superficial similarities, the two novels are, in fact, very different.Beneath his refined manners and superficial elegance lay something treacherous.
⛥ at/on a superficial level
➡At a superficial level, things seem to have remained the same.

3)wound/damage
affecting only the surface of your skin or the outside part of something, and therefore not serious
➡She escaped with only superficial cuts and bruises.
➡superficial damage

Question 17

fellow

Answer 17

W3adjective

⛥ fellow workers/students/countrymen etc
people that you work with, study with, or who are in the same situation as you

Question 18

in‧sur‧rec‧tion

Answer 18

/ˌɪnsəˈrekʆn/nounC,U

an attempt by a large group of people within a country to take control using force and violence

🔺 SYNrebellion

insurrection against
➡ anarmed insurrectionagainst the party in power

Question 19

spon‧ta‧ne‧ous

Answer 19

/spɒnˈteɪniəs$spɑːn-/adjective

1)something that is spontaneous has not been planned or organized, but happens by itself, or because you suddenly feel you want to do it

➡The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer.
➡My spontaneous reaction was to run away.

2)someone who is spontaneous does things without planning them first – used to show approval—

spontaneouslyadverb
➡ She laughed spontaneously.

Question 20

put your foot in your mouth

Answer 20

to say or do something that you should not have, esp. something that embarrasses someone else:

➡ I really put my foot in my mouth – I asked her if Jane was her mother, but she said Jane is her sister.

➡ He just tends to put his foot in his mouth when he’s forced to speak for too long, so try to get him off stage as soon as possible.
➡ Oh man, did I ever put my foot in my mouth—I just congratulated Sarah’s sister on being pregnant. She isn’t.

Question 21

To exert, assert, or expend something (almost always “effort”).

Answer 21

put forth

➡They played competently, but they just didn’t put forth enough effort to win.
➡ If you don’t put your best effort forth, there’s no way they’ll consider you for the job.

Question 22

fau‧na

Answer 22

/ˈfɔːnə$ˈfɒː-/nounC,U

all the animals living in a particular area or period in history

Question 23

a‧mend‧ment

Answer 23

AC/əˈmendmənt/noun[C,U]

a small change, improvement, or addition that is made to a law or document, or the process of doing this

➡constitutional amendmentsamendment to
➡ an amendment to the resolution

Question 24

rat‧i‧fy

Answer 24

توافق سیاسی مکتوب انجام دادن

[T]to make a written agreement official by signing it

⛥ratify a treaty/an agreement/a decision etc

➡We hope that the republics will be willing to ratify the treaty.—ratification/ˌrætfˈkeɪʆn/noun[U]
➡ an attempt to delay ratification of the treaty

Question 25

in‧cline1

Answer 25

کار شود

Question 26

Flat

Answer 26

5) drinka drink that is flat does not taste fresh because it has no more bubbles of gas in itOPPfizzy
6) not interesting[not before noun]a performance, book etc that is flat lacks interest, excitement, or energyArsenal looked flat for large parts of the game.
7) battery(BrE)a flatBATTERYhas lost its electrical powerSYNdeadHave you checked that the batteries haven’tgone flat(=become flat)?

Question 27

in‧voke

Answer 27

AC/ɪnˈvəʊk$-ˈvoʊk/verbT

1)if you invoke a law, rule etc, you say that you are doing something because the law allows or forces you to
➡The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.

2)to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in people’s minds by describing an event or situation, or by talking about a person→evoke
➡a painting that invokes images of the Rocky Mountains
➡During his speech, he invoked the memory of Harry Truman.

3)to use a law, principle, orTHEORYto support your views

Question 28

ex‧pan‧sion

Answer 28

W3AC
/ɪkˈspænʆn/noun

1)[C,U]when something increases in size, range, amount etcSYNgrowth
⛥expansion of
➡Therapid expansionof cities can cause social and economic problems.
⛥expansion in
➡an expansion in student numbers
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

➡ The industry underwent a period ofrapid expansion.

➡ The novel is an expansion of a short story he wrote about forty years ago.

Question 29

in‧cline

Answer 29

AC/ɪnˈklaɪn/verb[not in progressive]

(formal)if a situation, fact etc inclines you to do or think something, it influences you towards a particular action or opinion

⛥incline somebody to do something

➡ The accident inclined him to reconsider his career.
➡ Customers are inclined to shop at stores with familiar names.

Question 30

in‧cli‧na‧tion

Answer 30

= tendency

AC/ˌɪŋklˈneɪʆn/noun

1)[C,U]a feeling that makes you want to do something
➡Mynatural inclinationwas to say no.inclination to do something
➡Neither of my childrenshowedthe slightestinclinationto follow me into journalism.
➡Teachers simply do not havethe time or the inclinationto investigate these matters.

2)[C,U]a tendency to think or behave in a particular wayinclination to do somethingan inclination to see everything in political terms
inclination to/towardsShe’s troubled by her son’s inclination toward atheism.by inclinationBart was a romantic by inclination.

Question 31

com‧ple‧ment

Answer 31

AC/ˈkɒmplment$ˈkɑːm-/verb[T]to make a good combination with someone or something elseJohn and Bob complemented each other well.The dark red walls complement the red leather chairs.RegisterIn everyday English, people usually say that somethinggoes well withanother thing, or theygo well together, rather than say theycomplementeach other:White winegoes well withfish.

Question 32

ad‧vo‧cate1

Answer 32

AC/ˈædvəkeɪt/verb[I, T]to publicly support a particular way of doing somethingExtremists were openly advocating violence.advocate for(AmE)Those who advocate for doctor-assisted suicide say the terminally ill should not have to suffer.
➖➖➖➖➖➖

ad‧vo‧cate
AC/ˈædvəkt, -keɪt/noun[C]

1)someone who publicly supports someone or somethingSYNproponent
حامی
⛥advocate of

She’s a passionate advocate of natural childbirth.
advocate for
an advocate for the disabled

2)a lawyer who speaks in a court of law, especially in Scotland

Question 33

Impose

Answer 33

Hhh

Question 34

al‧lege

Answer 34

/əˈledʒ/verb[T often passive]
(formal)
to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved

⛥it is alleged (that)
➡It was alleged that the policeman had accepted bribes.
⛥allege that
➡ The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.
⛥be alleged to be/do something
➡ The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.

➖➖➖➖➖

al‧leg‧ed‧ly
/əˈledʒdli/adverbsentence adverbused when reporting something that people say is true, although it has not been proved
➡ a sports car, allegedly stolen in Manchester

Question 35

en‧gage

W3/ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/verb(formal)

Answer 35

to employ someone to do a particular job
⛥engage somebody to do something
➡Her father engaged a tutor to improve her maths.
⛥engage somebody as something
➡We’d be able to engage local people as volunteers.
➖➖➖➖➖➖

➡ Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise.
➡The two parties engaged upon an escalating political struggle.
➡Mr Armstrong was engaged in prayer.
⛥engage in doing something
➡Despite her illness, she remainsactively engagedin shaping policy.

Question 36

com‧pe‧tence

Answer 36

/ˈkɒmptəns$ˈkɑːm-/noun

1)[U]alsocompe·ten·cy/-tənsi/the ability to do something wellOPPincompetence
⛥competence in
➡Students will gain competence in a wide range of skills.
⛥competence of
➡He questioned the competence of the government.
⛥professional/linguistic/technical etc competence
➡Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence.

➖➖➖➖➖
➡ Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic competence.