From different sources 1

Question 1

a small amount or piece that is taken from something, so that it can be tested or examined

Answer 1

specimen 
/ ˈspesəmən, ˈspesɪmən / noun [ countable ] 
>>>  a blood specimen 
\+ specimen of 
>>> a specimen of rock

Question 2

the study of FOSSIL s (= ancient bones, plants etc that have been preserved in rock )

Answer 2

paleontology ( also palaeontology British English )
/ ˌpæliɒnˈtɒlədʒi, ˌpeɪ- $ ˌpeɪliɑːnˈtɑː / noun [ uncountable ]
— paleontologist noun [ countable ]

Question 3

having continued or existed for a long time

Answer 3

long-ˈstanding
/ ˌlɒŋˈstændɪŋ◂ $ ˌlɒːŋ- / adjective

> > > a long-standing member of the committee
+ long-standing debate/dispute etc
a long-standing feud between the two families
the long-standing problem of keeping costs down
I have a long-standing arrangement with the bank.
long-standing questions

Question 4

a living creature that has a BACKBONE

Answer 4

vertebrate
/ ˈvɜːtəbrət, ˈvɜːtɪbrət, -breɪt $ ˈvɜːr- /
→ invertebrate
»> Mosquitoes will feed on any vertebrate blood.

Question 5

conclusive

Answer 5

/ kənˈkluːsɪv / adjective
showing that something is definitely true OPP inconclusive
+ conclusive proof/evidence/findings etc
»> The investigation failed to provide any conclusive evidence.
»> They have been able to collect some data, but as yet nothing really conclusive.

Question 6

large in amount or number

Answer 6

substantial
/ səbˈstænʃ ə l / adjective
SYN considerable OPP insubstantial :
»> We have the support of a substantial number of parents.
»> a substantial salary
»> a substantial breakfast
»> The document requires substantial changes.
»> At first I did not think Megachirella was a true lizard, but the empirical evidence uncovered in this study is substantial and can lead to no other conclusion.”

Question 7

a common river-fish, often used for food, or the flesh of this fish

Answer 7

trout / traʊt / noun
( plural trout )
»> Providing fresh trout for dinner was rarely a problem.

Question 8

to bring a type of thing somewhere for the first time

Answer 8

introduce S2 W1
/ ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs $ -ˈduːs / verb [ transitive ]
(bring something to a place )
+ introduce something to/into something
»> The grey squirrel was introduced into Britain from North America.
»> Steelhead were intentionally introduced into Lake Michigan in the late 1800s in order to bolster recreational and commercial fisheries.

Question 9

bolster

Answer 9

/ ˈbəʊlstə $ ˈboʊlstər /
( also bolster up ) verb [ transitive ]
1 to help someone to feel better and more positive
SYN boost :
»> He is making a bold attempt to bolster the territory’s confidence.
2 to improve something
SYN boost :
»> his efforts to bolster his career
»> Steelhead were intentionally introduced into Lake Michigan in the late 1800s in order to bolster recreational and commercial fisheries.

Question 10

fishery

Answer 10

/ ˈfɪʃəri / noun ( plural fisheries ) [ countable ]
1 a part of the sea where fish are caught in large numbers
2 a FISH FARM

ˈfish ˌfarm ( also fishery ) noun [ countable ]
an area of water used for breeding fish as a business

Question 11

hatch

Answer 11

/ hætʃ / verb
1 ( also hatch out ) [ intransitive and transitive ] if an egg hatches, or if it is hatched, it breaks, letting the young bird, insect etc come out :
»> The eggs take three days to hatch.
2 ( also hatch out ) [ intransitive and transitive ] if a young bird, insect etc hatches, or if it is hatched, it comes out of its egg :
»> All the chicks have hatched out

> > > Millions of mosquito eggs will have hatched out by May.
The eggs should hatch any day now.

Question 12

Steelhead ….. in freshwater rivers, migrate to the ocean, and return to freshwater to …..

Answer 12

hatch

spawn

از تخم بيرون مي آيد
تخم گذاري مي كند

Question 13

a stream or river that flows into a larger river

Answer 13

tributary
/ ˈtrɪbjət ə ri, ˈtrɪbjʊt ə ri $ -teri / noun ( plural tributaries )

> > > freshwater tributaries and streams.

Question 14

genome

Answer 14

/ dʒinəʊm $ -noʊm /
noun [ countable ] technical

all the gene s in one type of living thing → DNA :
»> the human genome

Question 15

a small soft creature that fixes itself to the skin of animals in order to drink their blood

Answer 15

leech / liːtʃ /

Question 16

someone who takes advantage of other people by taking their money, food etc

Answer 16

leech
→ parasite :
The family began to see him as a leech.

Question 17

1 a plant or animal that lives on or in another plant or animal and gets food from it
2 informal a lazy person who does not work but depends on other people – used to show disapproval

Answer 17

parasite

/ ˈpærəsaɪt / noun

Question 18

to break or burst, or to make something break or burst :

Answer 18

rupture
/ ˈrʌptʃə $ -ər /
&raquo_space;> The pipe will rupture at its weakest point.
»> His liver was ruptured when a brick wall collapsed on him.

> > > in freshwater because cells can rupture at a faster rate.

Question 19

needing to be discussed or dealt with very soon

SYN urgent

Answer 19

pressing
/ ˈpresɪŋ / adjective

+ pressing problem/matter/need etc
»> Poverty is a more pressing problem than pollution.

> > > a pressing question.

Question 20

easily becoming angry or violent, or making people angry or violent

Answer 20

inflammable

> > > inflammable language

/ ɪnˈflæməb ə l / adjective
1 formal
inflammable materials or substances will start to burn very easily SYN flammable OPP nonflammable :
»> Petrol is highly inflammable.

Question 21

to make someone’s feelings of anger, excitement etc much stronger

Answer 21

inflame
/ ɪnˈfleɪm / verb [ transitive ]
»> The shooting inflamed ethnic tensions.

Question 22

a part of your body that is inflamed is red and swollen, because it is injured or infected

Answer 22

inflamed 
/ ɪnˈfleɪmd / adjective 
>>> an inflamed eye 
------------
inflammation / ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃ ə n / swelling and pain in part of your body, which is often red and feels hot 
\+ inflammation of 
>>> inflammation of the colon

Question 23

(technical)pieces of waste material, paper etc

Answer 23

debris
/ˈdebriː, ˈdeɪ-$dəˈbriː, deɪ-/noun[U]

1)the pieces of something that are left after it has been destroyed in an accident, explosion etc
➡She was hit byflying debrisfrom the blast.

2)
⛧plant/garden/industrial etc debris
➡Clean the ventilation ducts to remove dust and insect debris.

➡ Plastics debris found in the ocean is becoming a growing problem around the globe.

Question 24

someone who is trained to give medical care and treatment to sick animals

Answer 24

vet‧e‧ri‧na‧ri‧an
/ˌvetrˈneəriən$-ˈner-/nounC
✔ SYNvet

Question 25

almost not

Answer 25

barely
/ˈbeəli$ˈberli/adverb

SYNhardly
➡She was barely aware of his presence.
➡ The group said the mammal could barely swim and couldn’t open its mouth.
➡ Mary hadbarely enoughmoney to live on.
⛧barely audible/perceptible/visible/discernible etc
➡His voice was barely audible.
➡Shecould barelyunderstand English.

Question 26

to make something so that it is exactly right for someone’s particular needs or for a particular purpose

Answer 26

tailor something to something
➡Treatment is tailored to the needs of each patient.
😌tailor something to meet/suit somebody’s needs/requirements
➡The classes are tailored to suit learners’ needs.
⛧tailor something for somebody
➡We tailored the part specifically for her.

Question 27

very shocking and extremely unfair or offensive

Answer 27

out‧ra‧geous
/aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/adjective

➡ outrageous prices
➡ an outrageous attack on his policies
⛧ it is outrageous (that)
➡It’s outrageous that the poor should pay such high taxes.

Question 28

to protect someone or something from being harmed or damaged

Answer 28

shield

➡ Women will often lie to shield even the most abusive partner.
⛧ shield somebody/something from somebody/something
➡ He held up his hands, shielding his eyes from the sun.
➡ import tariffs that shield firms from foreign competition

🔊 Register
Shieldis used mostly in journalism or literature. In everyday English, people usually sayprotect:He used his hands toprotecthis eyes from the sun. 🕪

Question 29

(informal)a very small amount of money

Answer 29

peanuts
➡ The hotel workers getpaid peanuts.
➡ I’m tired ofworking for peanuts.

Question 30

to say that something such as a fact or idea is not correct or true
OR
to argue or disagree with someone

Answer 30

dispute / dɪˈspjuːt /

> > > The main facts of the book have never been disputed.
+ dispute that
Few would dispute that travel broadens the mind.
+ dispute (something) with somebody
Hazlitt, though much younger, was soon disputing with Wordsworth on equal terms.
What happened next is hotly disputed .