New Words 4

Question 1

put something ↔ forward

Answer 1

phrasal verb

to suggest a plan, proposal, idea etc for other people to consider or discussSYNpropose

➡ They put forward a number of suggestions.

➡ put forward a very persuasive argument
(A set of reasons?

Question 2

extremely weak

Answer 2

fee‧ble
/ˈfiːbl/adjective

1)
➡His voice sounded feeble and far away.
➡She was too feeble to leave her room.

2)not very good or effectiveSYNweak
➡a feeble excuse
a rather feeble committee

Question 3

not showing clear thinking

Answer 3

woolly
(BrE)wooly(AmE)/ˈwʊli/adjective

1)made of or feeling like wool
➡a woolly hat

2)not showing clear thinkingSYNvague
➡He gave a rather woolly argument.—woollinessnoun[U]

Question 4

euthanasia

Answer 4

/ˌjuːθəˈneɪziə$-ˈneɪʒə/noun[U]

the deliberate killing of a person who is very ill and going to die, in order to stop them suffering

➡ Although somepeoplecampaignfor therightto euthanasia, it is stillillegalin mostcountries.

SYN mercy killing

➖➖➖➖➖➖

eu‧tha‧nize
/ˈjuːθənaɪz/alsoeu‧tha‧nase/-neɪz/
(BrE)verb
to kill an animal in a painless way, usually because it is very sick or old

🔺SYNput down

➡ The decision to euthanase a pet is heartbreaking.

Question 5

happening twice each year

Answer 5

bi‧an‧nu‧al
/baɪˈænjuəl/adjective
➡a biannual report
دوبار در سال
➖➖➖➖➖

bi‧en‧ni‧al
/baɪˈeniəl/adjective

1)a biennial event happens once every two years→annual
دوسالانه
2)a biennial plant stays alive for two years

Question 6

re‧im‧burse

Answer 6

/ˌriːmˈbɜːs$-ɜːrs/verb[T]
(formal)
to pay money back to someone when their money has been spent or lostreimburse somebody for something
➡ The company will reimburse you for travel expenses.

Question 7

completely dark

Answer 7

ˌpitch-ˈdark

adjective

➡Outside it was pitch-dark and pouring with rain.
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

pitch

S3W3/pɪtʆ/noun

a black sticky substance that is used on roofs, the bottoms of ships etc to stop water coming through
➡ The night wasas black as pitch(=very dark)

Question 8

sub‧stan‧tial

Answer 8

S3W2/səbˈstænʆl/adjective

large in amount or number
🔺SYNconsiderable
✔OPPinsubstantial
➡We have the support of a substantial number of parents.
➡a substantial salary
➡a substantial breakfast
➡The document requires substantial changes.

Question 9

get in the way

Answer 9

To obstruct or interfere with something.

➡ You can come into the kitchen to observe, but please try not to get in the way.
➡Ugh, the neighbor’s trash cans always get in the way of my parking spot.
➡ She’s so determined that I just know nothing will get in the way of her plans to finish her thesis.

Question 10

body dysmorphic disorder / ˌbɒdi dɪsˈmɔːfɪk dɪsˌɔːdə $ ˌbɑːdi dɪsˈmɔːrfɪk dɪsˌɔːrdər /
( also body dys‧mor‧phi‧a / -ˈmɔːfiə $ -ˈmɔːr- / )

Answer 10

( abbreviation BDD ) a mental condition in which someone wrongly believes that part of their body is very ugly or not normal

Question 11

body odour

Answer 11

the natural smell of someone’s body, especially when this is unpleasant
SYN BO

Question 12

…. the horizon

Answer 12

/ həˈraɪz ə n /

➡ We could see a ship on the horizon.
► Do not say ‘in the horizon’. Say on the horizon .
—————-
2 horizons [ plural ] the limit of your ideas, knowledge, and experience
+ broaden/expand sb’s horizons
➡ a course of study that will broaden your horizons

Question 13

….. of meaning/opinion/feeling etc a meaning etc that is

Answer 13

shade

slightly different from other ones
SYN nuance :
»> There is room in the Democratic Party for many shades of opinion.
»> subtle shades of meaning
————–
nuance / ˈnjuːɑːns $ ˈnuː- / noun [ countable ]
a very slight, hardly noticeable difference in manner, colour, meaning etc
بسيار ظريف
»> He was aware of every nuance in her voice.
nuance of
»> the painting’s delicate nuances of color, tone, and texture
»> “subtle nuances” of meaning

Question 14

a word or expression that is pejorative is used to show disapproval or to insult someone :

— pejoratively adverb

Answer 14

pe‧jo‧ra‧tive / pɪdʒɒrətɪv $ -dʒɔ-, -dʒɑ- / adjective (formal)

> > > For hard-line Republicans, the word ‘liberal’ had become a pejorative term.
The word “pig-headed” is pejorative.

Question 15

proactive / prəʊæktɪv $ proʊ- / adjective

Answer 15

making things happen or change rather than reacting to events :

> > > ## a proactive approach to staffing requirementsAs a proactive enforcer a field man must always be prepared for the unexpected.
Create a proactive cultural awareness of risk issues at corporate and at the individual level.

Question 16

ad‧dress‧ee / ædresi, ədresi / noun [ countable ]

Answer 16

the person a letter, package etc is addressed to

Question 17

for‧get‧ful / fəɡetf ə l $ fər- / adjective

Answer 17

often forgetting things

— forgetfully adverb
— forgetfulness noun [ uncountable ]
———-
My grandfather’s getting so forgetful - I have to remind him to take his medication.
My grandfather is getting more forgetful.
She was easily distracted and forgetful at school.

Question 18

com‧mer‧cial‧ize ( also commercialise British English ) / kəmɜʃəlaɪz $ -ɜr- / verb [ transitive ]

Answer 18

1 [ usually passive ] to be more concerned with making money from something than about its quality –
(used to show disapproval )
»> Christmas has become so commercialized.

2 to sell something completely new to the public for the first time :
»> Some space launches will be commercialized to help pay for more space research.

— commercialization / kəmɜʃəlaɪzeɪʃ ə n $ -mɜrʃələ- / noun [ uncountable ]
——
»> Christmas is getting so commercialized.
»> Some space launches will be commercialized in order to help pay for more space research.

Question 19

( prefix )

false or not real :

Answer 19

pseudo- / sjudəʊ $ sudoʊ /

> > > pseudo-intellectuals (= people who pretend to be clever )
She dismisses astrology as pseudo-science.

Question 20

pseu‧do‧nym / sjud ə nɪm $ su- / noun [ countable ]

Answer 20

an invented name that a writer, artist etc uses instead of their real name
SYN nom de plume
+ under a pseudonym
»> He wrote under the pseudonym ‘Silchester’.

— pseudonymous / sjudɒnəməs, sjudɒnɪməs $ sudɑ- / adjective :
He was the pseudonymous author.
— pseudonymously adverb

Question 21

absent-minded

adjective

Answer 21

likely to forget things, especially because you are thinking about something else

SYN forgetful :

> > > Grandad’s been getting rather absent-minded lately.

— absent-mindedly adverb
— absent-mindedness noun [ uncountable ]

> > > He’s a brilliant scientist but hopelessly absent-minded.
Ron’s being his normal absent-minded self.

Question 22

hard up

adjective

Answer 22

1 if you are hard up, you do not have much money :
»> I’m a bit hard up at the moment.
محتاج
———————–
2 not having something that you want or need :
»> ‘How about a date with Tom?’ ‘No, thanks, I’m not that hard up.’
اونقدرها هم گير و محتاج براي آشنايي نيستم.
يعني تام آدم خيلي داغووونيه :)

+ hard up for
»> The media are obviously hard up for stories.

Question 23

of the very best quality

Answer 23

first-rate adjective

SYN excellent

> > > He’s a first-rate surgeon.

Question 24

be on ice

Answer 24

If a plan is on ice, a decision has been made to delay it for a period of time:

> > > ## Both projects are on ice until the question of funding is resolved.

+ keep/put something on ice

to delay doing anything about a plan or idea

> > > The whole deal was put on ice when the stock market fell sharply.

Question 25

all-out adjective [ only before noun ]

Answer 25

done in a very determined way, and involving a lot of energy or anger

+ all-out war/attack/offensive etc
»> an all-out effort to win

— all out (adverb)
»> Canada will have to “go all out” on the ice if they want to win.

Question 26

long-distance

(adjective) [ only before noun ]

Answer 26

1 travelling over a long distance

توجه : long-distant نداريم.

long-distance runner
long-distance lorry driver
long-distance travel/journey/flight/commuting etc

2 long-distance call
a telephone call to a place that is far away
OPP local

— long-distance adverb

Question 27

having a lot of money, or enough money to have a good standard of living

Answer 27

well-off
(adjective)
( comparative better-off , superlative best-off )

1 OPP badly-off :

> > > children from well-off families
Many pensioners are less well-off (= have less money ) than they used to be.
—————-
2 be well-off for something having plenty of something, or as much of it as you need :
We’re well-off for public transport here.

Question 28

light-hearted

/ ˌlaɪt ˈhɑːtəd $ -ɑːr- / adjective

Answer 28

1 not intended to be serious :
»> a light-hearted comedy

2 cheerful and not worried about anything :
»> I found her in a light-hearted mood.
»> heart-lighted laugh
—————–
»> The programme is a light-hearted look at recent political events.

Question 29

quick-witted

adjective

Answer 29

able to think and understand things quickly
OPP slow-witted :

> > > Toby was quick-witted and entertaining.
a quick-witted reply

Question 30

بن كتاب

Answer 30

book token noun [ countable ]
( British English )
a card that you can exchange for books :
»> She gave me a book token for Christmas.

Question 31

cat burglar noun [ countable ]

Answer 31

burglar alarm noun [ countable ]
a piece of equipment that makes a loud noise when someone tries to get into a building illegally

Question 32

arms race

Answer 32

noun [ countable usually singular ]

the competition between different countries to have a larger number of powerful weapons :
»> the nuclear arms race
—————-
»> They can emphasise the danger of a new arms race.‧&raquo_space;> They say that it could erode existing arms control agreements and lead to a new arms race.

Question 33

race relations noun [ plural ]

Answer 33

the relationship that exists between people from different countries, religions etc who are now living in the same place :

> > > We need to do more to promote good race relations.
Community leaders are working to improve race relations in the city.

Question 34

mail order noun [ uncountable ]

Answer 34

a method of buying and selling in which the buyer chooses goods at home and orders them from a company which sends them by post
+ by mail order
»> It is available by mail order from Green Life Products.
»> a mail order catalogue

Question 35

youth hostel noun [ countable ]
—————
hay fever noun [ uncountable ]

Answer 35

a medical condition, like a bad cold that is caused by breathing in pollen (= dust from plants )
———–

Question 36

grass roots

noun

Answer 36

+ the grass roots
the ordinary people in an organization, rather than the leaders

— grass roots adjective :
»> We are hoping for full participation at grass roots level.

> > > But even the grass roots of the club are sprouting.‧&raquo_space;> Fourth, don’t always do a news release on all the grass roots activities.

Question 37

a movement of highly skilled or professional people from their own country to a country where they can earn more money

Answer 37

the brain drain
فرار مغزها

> > > He could not argue, looking at Imperial, that there has been a major brain drain of senior staff.

Question 38

brainless / breɪnləs /

adjective

Answer 38

completely stupid
»> what a brainless thing to do!

— brainlessly adverb

Question 39

sound barrier noun

Answer 39

the sound barrier
the sudden increase in air pressure against a vehicle, especially an aircraft, when it is travelling near the speed of sound

+ break the sound barrier (= travel faster than the speed of sound )