New Words 3

Question 1

to start an activity with a particular aim

Answer 1

set out

➡ She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.
➡ They set out to discover a cure for cancer.

➡ So many young people set out to change the world.

Question 2

to move, change, or do something without any plan or purpose

Answer 2

drift (v.)

drift around/along etc
➡Jenni spent the year drifting around Europe.drift into
➡I just drifted into teaching, really.
⛥drift away
➡The others drifted away. Melanie stayed.
⛥drift from something to something
➡Theconversation driftedfrom one topic to another.
⛥let your gaze/eyes/thoughts/mind etc drift
➡Idly she let her eyes drift over his desk.

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

He’s just drifting. He seems to have no aims in life at all.

Question 3

pursue the matter/argument/question etc

Answer 3

to continue trying to find out about or persuade someone about a particular subject

ادامه دادن - تلاش برای کسب اطلاعات کردن

➡Janet did not darepursue the matter further.
➡The defence pursued the question of Dr Carrington’s state of mind.

Question 4

stronglyaffectinghow asituationwillprogressor end:

Answer 4

➡ Theseresultscouldprovedecisive inestablishingthe criminal’sidentity.

➡ a decisiverole

➡ a decisivevictory

➡ This decisivedefeatputs them out ofcontentionfor this year’schampionshipfinals.

⛥ decisive factor/effect/influence etc
➡ Women canplay a decisive rolein the debate over cloning.
⛥decisive action/steps
➡We willtake decisive stepstowards political union with Europe.

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

decisive
(adjective)

UK​/dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/US​/dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/

​ableto makedecisions quicklyandconfidently, or showingthisquality:

You need to be more decisive.

a decisivereply

Opposite

indecisive
قاطع

​➖➖➖➖➖
➡ If we hadactedearlierand more decisively(= morequicklyandeffectively)it might not have come to this.
➡ We had toactquicklyand decisively to put out thefire.

Question 5

beauteous

Answer 5

/ˈbjuːtiəs/adjective(literary)
beautiful
➡the beauteous Helen of Troy

➖➖➖➖➖

beautician

/bjuːˈtɪʆn/noun
[C]someone whose job is to give beauty treatments to your skin, hair etc

➖➖➖➖➖

hairdresser
a person who cuts, washes, and arranges people’s hair in particular styles
➡ I have a hairdresser’s appointment this afternoon.
barber
a man whose job is to cut men’s hair and sometimes to shave them
➡ How often do you go the barber’s?
stylist
someone who cuts or arranges people’s hair as their job
➡ Renee was the top stylist at the salon.

Question 6

(formal)accepted or considered to be correct by most people

Answer 6

re‧ceived

/rɪˈsiːvd/adjective[only before noun

⛥ received opinion/wisdom etc (=the opinion most people have)

➡ The received wisdom is that he will retire within the next year.

Question 7

on a heroic scale/of heroic proportions

Answer 7

very large or great

➡ a battle on a heroic scale

➡ heroic scale accessories

Question 8

famous :

Answer 8

celebrated

/ ˈseləbreɪtəd, ˈselɪbreɪtəd / adjective

➡ a celebrated actress
➡ a celebrated legal case

Question 9

celebrate

Answer 9

observe

> > > Next Friday we will observe a religious holiday.

> > > ## United Nations Day has been observed on October 24 since 1948 and celebrates the objectives and accomplishments of the organization, which was established on October 24, 1945.An Observed Holiday is when a public holiday is celebrated which might not be the actual event’s anniversary date.
For example, if July 4th (Independence Day) falls on a Saturday, it is “observed” on the Friday before as a holiday (and is usually a day off work).

Question 10

something you do as part of a ceremony, especially a religious ceremony

Answer 10

observance / əbˈzɜːv ə ns $ -ɜːr- / noun

مناسبات

+ observance of
»> the observance of a peace agreement
»> the strict observance of Islam
»> the Memorial Day observance

> > > religious observances
Veterans Day observances

Question 11

a feeling of doubt because you do not agree completely with a plan, idea, or suggestion

Answer 11

reservation/ ˌrezəˈveɪʃ ə n $ -zər- / noun

+ have/express reservations (about something)
»> I had serious reservations about his appointment as captain.

> > > ## We condemn their actions without reservation (= completely - =without a doubt) .4 [ countable ] American English an area of land where wild animals can live without being hunted SYN reserve , preserve American English :
a wildlife reservation
———————————-
COLLOCATIONS
VERBS
have reservations
➡ I have reservations about her work.
express reservations (= say that you have reservations ) ➡ I did not think it wise to express my reservations.

ADJECTIVES

some/certain reservations
➡ Despite some reservations, I recommend this book.
serious/grave reservations
➡ They had serious reservations about the plan.
strong reservations
➡ Five of the committee members expressed strong reservations about the product’s safety.
considerable reservations
➡ We have considerable reservations about the government’s economic proposals.
a minor reservation (= not serious or important )
➡ I voted “yes”, although I had a few minor reservations.
a major reservation (= serious or important )
➡ We have major reservations about his ability to do the job.

Question 12

someone who eats too much

Answer 12

glutton / ˈɡlʌtn / noun [ countable ]

> > > ## Uncle Richard was a glutton who ate everything in sight.2 “a glutton for punishment”
someone who seems to enjoy working hard or doing something unpleasant

gluttony / ˈɡlʌt ə ni / noun [ uncountable ]
formal
the bad habit of eating and drinking too much SYN greed
—————-
greed / ɡriːd / noun [ uncountable ]
a strong desire for more food, money, power, possessions etc than you need
SYN avarice :
»> people motivated by jealousy and greed

Question 13

sparkling

Answer 13

/ˈspɑːklɪŋ$ˈspɑːr-/adjective

1)shining brightly with points of flashing light
➡a sparkling blue lake

2)very clean, and seeming to shine brightly
➡a sparkling white beach
➡asparkling cleankitchen

Question 14

……. experiences or ideas are beyond normal human understanding and experience

Answer 14

transcendental
/ trænsendentl◂ / adjective

> > > ## transcendental harmonytranscendental meditation noun [ uncountable ]
a method of becoming calm by repeating particular words in your mind

Question 15

نمک پاش

فواره آب پاشی چمن ها

Answer 15

saltshaker

sprinkler

Question 16

to look after someone in a way that is very kind or too kind :

Answer 16

spoil S3 / spɔɪl / verb

> > > She’s an only child, but they didn’t really spoil her.
His mother and sisters spoil him rotten (= spoil him very much ) .
———————-
You’ll have to let me spoil you on your birthday.
+ spoil yourself
Go on, spoil yourself. Have another piece of cake.

spoil/ruin your appetite (= make you not feel like eating a meal )
»> Don’t give the children any more sweets – it will spoil their appetite.

Question 17

run-down

Answer 17

adjective

1)a building or area that is run-down is in very bad condition
➡a run-down inner-city area

2)[not before noun]someone who is run-down is tired and not healthy
➡You look a bit run-down.

Question 18

somebody’s …..thoughts or feelings inside your head which seem to warn or advise you

Answer 18

inner voice

➡ My inner voice told me to be cautious.

Question 19

community relations

Answer 19

〰〰 Social responsibility

the relationship that a company, organization, etc. has with the people who live in the area in which it operates:
➡ “Great community relations are part of the team’s marketing plan,” Carter said.
➡ A comprehensive community relations program can help any organization achieve visibility within its community.
⛥ build/improve community relations
➡ Their problem is how to build community relations when they are only able to employ a small proportion of the local population.

Question 20

deserving praise, even if not completely successful

Answer 20

laudable

/ˈlɔːdəbl$ˈlɒːd-/adjective(formal)

🔺 SYNpraiseworthy

➡a laudable attempt
➡ a laudable aim

laudatory / lɔdət ə ri $ lɒdətɔri / adjective
(formal )

expressing praise :
➡ a laudatory biography

Question 21

pension

Answer 21

S2W2/ˈpenʆn/noun[C]

an amount of money paid regularly by the government or company to someone who does not work any more, for example because they have reached the age when people stop working or because they are ill

➡At what age can you startdrawingyourpension?
➡If you are self-employed, you should think abouttaking outaprivate pension.
➡Many people find it hard to live on a basicstate pension.
➡Shepaysa quarter of her salaryintoapension plan.

Question 22

to feel sorry for someone because you understand their problems

Answer 22

sympathize

alsosympathise(BrE)/ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/
verb[I]

➡I sympathize, but I don’t know how to help.
🔺 sympathize with
➡I can sympathize with those who have lost loved ones.
————————-

2)to support someone’s ideas or actionssympathize with
➡ The public sympathized with the miners’ strike.

Question 23

(formal)

to be the cause of something, or be the basic thing from which something develops

Answer 23

underlie
/ ˌʌndəˈlaɪ $ -ər- / verb
( past tense underlay / -ˈleɪ / ,
past participle underlain / -ˈleɪn /

➡ the one basic principle that underlies all of the party’s policies
➡ Social problems and poverty underlie much of the crime in today’s big cities.
➡ The soil is underlain by hard clay.
——————-
Adj. ➡ underlying

Question 24

the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed

Answer 24

⛥ underlying cause/principle/problem/aim etc

➡the underlying causes of her depression
➡There is anunderlying assumptionthat younger workers are easier to train.

Question 25

more important than anything else

Answer 25

overriding

/ˌəʊvəˈraɪdɪŋ◂$ˌoʊ-/
adjective
[only before noun]

➡ a question of overriding importance

سوالي كه از هرچيزي اهميت بالاتري دارد.
سوالي با بالاترين اهميت.

➡ Their overriding concern is with efficient crime control.

➡ The government’s overridingconcernis toreduceinflation.

Question 26

argumentative

Answer 26

/ˌɑːgjˈmentətɪv◂$ˌɑːr-/adjective

✔ someone who is argumentative often argues or likes arguing

➡ He quickly becomes argumentative after a few drinks.

Question 27

argument

Answer 27

S1W1/ˈɑːgjmənt$ˈɑːr-/ noun

1)[C]a situation in which two or more people disagree, often angrily
⛥ argument with
➡ She had a big argument with her husband.argument about/over
➡ There have been a lot of arguments about who was responsible for the accident.

2)[C]a set of reasons that show that something is true or untrue, right or wrong etc
➡ We need to provide aconvincing argumentas to why the system should be changed.
⛥ argument for/against
➡ apowerful argumentagainst smoking
➡ Agood argumentcan be made for comparing the IT revolution with the invention of writing itself.argument in favour of
➡ the arguments in favour of banning tobacco advertisingargument that
➡ the familiar argument that the costs outweigh the benefits

Question 28

frightened to death

Answer 28

(informal)
➡ She was frightened to death when she saw her small daughter on the edge of the cliff.
—————————–

⛥ be, feel, look, seem, sound | become, get
➡ I got quite frigntened when he lost his temper

Question 29

fortitude

Answer 29

/ˈfɔːttjuːd$ˈfɔːrttuːd/noun[U]
(formal)
courage shown when you are in great pain or experiencing a lot of trouble

SYNstrength
پایمردی - استقامت

➡ Winnie is a woman of quiet fortitude who has endured a lot of suffering.

➡ It required great fortitude to serve a five-year sentence without seeking protection from one of the gangs.

Question 30

quest

Answer 30

/kwest/nounC
كاوش

1)a long search for something that is difficult to findquest for
➡his long quest for truth
➡the quest for human happiness
➡World leaders are now united in their quest for peace.

⛥in quest of something
✔trying to find or get something
➡ They journeyed to the distant Molucca islands in quest of spices.

Question 31

unsustainable growth/hunting

Answer 31

noun[U]

UK​US​

​رشد یا توسعه ی آسیب رسان (اگر با همین سرعت پیش برود)

ECONOMICS
growththat cannot continue at the samerate without causingeconomic problems:

➡ In contrast to her pastconcernaboutunsustainablegrowthin theeconomy, sheforecastyesterday thateconomic growthwould be a moresustainable3%.

​NATURAL RESOURCES
growththat cannot continue at the same ratewithout causing environmentalproblems:

➡ We will neverstopdegradingthe ecosphere unless wetacklecapitalism and theunsustainablegrowththat lies at itscore.

۱- ناپایدار - فاقد توان یا وضعیت اولیه
۲- ویران گر - مخرب

Question 32

unsustainable

Answer 32

adjective

UK​/ˌʌn.səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/US​/ˌʌn.səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/

​C2Something that is unsustainable cannotcontinue at the samerate:

➡ Thislevelofspendingis unsustainable.

​C2causingdamageto the environmentby using more of something than can be replacednaturally:

➡ unsustainablefishingmethods

➖➖➖➖➖

unachievable
(adjective)

UK​/ˌʌnəˈtʃiːvəbl/US​

not able to be done,reached, orfinishedsuccessfully:

➡ Doubling oursalesfiguresin the nextyearis an unachievablegoal.

➡ Many critics believe thatunbiased journalismis unachievable.

Question 33

a derelict building or piece of land is in very bad condition because it has not been used for a long time

Answer 33

derelict
/ˈderlɪkt/adjective
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

Derelictbuildingsorplacesare notcaredfor and are inbad condition:

➡ a derelictsite/building

➡ Thetheatrehas beenleftto”stand/lie” derelict.

Question 34

dereliction of duty

formal

Answer 34

when someone fails to do what they should do as part of their job

➡ The escape succeeded because there was a series of derelictions of duty.

Question 35

spirit

/ˈspɪrt/

Answer 35

1)the qualities that make someone live the way they do, and make them different from other people

⛥in spirit
➡I’m 85, but I still feel young in spirit.
⛥ independent/proud/free etc spirit
(=a person with a particular type of character)
➡She is a strong and independent spirit.
———————————

2)the way someone feels at a particular time, for example if they are happy or sad

⛥be in good/high spirits(=be excited and happy)
➡Cooper was still in high spirits after winning the race.
➡Hisspiritswere solow(=he was so sad)that he refused to answer his phone.
⛥raise/lift somebody’s spirits(=make someone happier)
➡The warm morning sun lifted our spirits.
➡She wrote poetry while she was in the hospital tokeepherspirits up(=keep happy).

⛥somebody’s spirits rise/lift/sink
(=they become more or less happy)
➡My spirits sank when I saw the mess they’d left.

Question 36

having many different uses

Answer 36

versatile
/ˈvɜːsətaɪl $ ˈvɜːrsətl/ adjective

➡The potato is an extremely versatile vegetable.
➡ It maked building more versatile.

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

1)someone who is versatile has many different skills
➡ a very versatile performer
➡ a more versatile workforce

✔—versatility/ˌvɜːsəˈtɪlti$ˌvɜːr-/noun[U]
➡ Hegley’s outstanding versatility as an all-round entertainer