From different sources 3

Question 1

when doctors, health departments etc watch an ill person or watch the development of a disease in a population

Answer 1

surveillance / səˈveɪləns $ sər- / noun [ uncountable ]

+ under surveillance
»> Diane was placed under psychiatric surveillance.

Question 2

when the police, army etc watch a person or place carefully because they may be connected with criminal activities

Answer 2

surveillance / səˈveɪləns $ sər- / noun [ uncountable ]
+ surveillance of
»> 24-hour surveillance of the building
+ under surveillance
(to have sb under surveillance)
»> The police “have had him under surveillance” (= have been watching him ) for months.
»> They were under constant close surveillance day and night.
»> The suspects were “kept under surveillance” .
»> electronic surveillance equipment

Question 3

tap

Collocation

Answer 3

> > > turn on a tap
Run some cold water into the bath before turning on the hot tap.
turn off a tap
I forgot to turn the tap off.
run a tap (= make water flow out of it )
She stood at the sink, running the tap to get a glass of cold water.
a tap is running (= water is flowing out of it )
I think you must have left the tap running.
a tap is dripping (= drops of water are coming out of it )
If the tap is dripping, change the washer.
a running tap Wash the cut under a running tap.
a dripping tap I could hear a dripping tap.
a leaking/leaky tap (= with drops of water coming from the end ) The leaky tap had left a stain in the washbasin.

Question 4

the activity of secretly finding out secret information and giving it to a country’s enemies or a company’s competitors
SYN spying

Answer 4

espionage / ˈespiənɑːʒ / noun [ uncountable ]

> > > a campaign of “industrial espionage” against his main rival
Zakharov, a KGB agent, was charged with espionage.

Question 5

formal

something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done

Answer 5

prerequisite
/ prirekwəzət, prirekwɪzət / noun [ countable ] اسم است

+ prerequisite for/of/to
»> A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course.

Question 6

needed for a particular purpose

Answer 6

requisite / ˈrekwəzət, ˈrekwɪzət /
adjective [ only before noun ] formal صفت است
SYN necessary , required :

> > > He lacks the requisite qualifications.
the requisite evidence needed for a successful prosecution

Question 7

a request that is urgent or full of emotion

Answer 7

plea / pliː / noun
+ plea for
»> a plea for help
»> Caldwell made a plea for donations.
+ plea to
»> The parents made an emotional plea to their child’s kidnappers.
»> He refused the appointment on a plea of illness. (an excuse for something)

Question 8

to tell someone your real thoughts and feelings because you trust them

Answer 8

open your heart (to somebody)
or
pour your heart out
»> It was Lady Holland, his favourite correspondent, to whom he opened his heart.
»> Heather met an old school friend and poured her heart out about her unhappy marriage.

Question 9

To say something that is meant to be a secret; to say something in an indiscreet, noisy, or boorish manner.

Answer 9

open (one’s) big mouth
»> Why did you have to open your big mouth about my crush on Tommy? Why couldn’t you just keep it between us?
»> We would have gotten away with the plan if she hadn’t opened her big mouth!

Question 10

To be, or cause someone to be, receptive to or prepared to consider something, such as a topic, idea, opinion, perspective, etc.

Answer 10

open (one’s) mind (to something)

> > > Being in college really helped open my mind to the huge myriad of beliefs and ideals to which different people around the world adhere.
I know you’re hesitant about seeing a psychic about this, but try opening your mind a bit—you might be pleasantly surprised!

Question 11

To see or realize the truth about something

Answer 11

open (one’s) eyes

> > > The documentary really opened my eyes about the conditions in that country.
Open your eyes, Stan—they’re just using you for cheap labor!

Question 12

countryside

Answer 12

S3W3/ˈkʌntrisaɪd/noun[U]
land that is outside cities and towns
🔺 SYNthe country
➡ The house had lovely views overopen countryside.in the countryside
➡people who live in the countryside

Question 13

roundabout

Answer 13

not simple, direct, or quick:

➡ You took the roundabout way to get here.

Question 14

fork

Answer 14

a place where a road, river, etc. divides into two parts, or either of those two parts:

➡ When you reach a fork in the road turn right.
Take the left-hand fork.

Question 15

tyre

Answer 15

S3(BrE)tire(AmE)/taɪə$taɪr/noun[C]a thick rubber ring that fits around the wheel of a car, bicycle etcI had aflat tyre(=all the air went out of it)on the way home.
➡ Thespare tyre’s in the boot.
⛧ front/rear/back tyre
➡ a punctured front tyre

➡ I’ve got a flat tyre (= the air has gone out of it).
➡ He was driving along the motorway when his tyre burst.
➡ I keep a spare tyre in the back of the car.

Question 16

a large carriage pulled by horses and used in the past for carrying passengers

Answer 16

busCa bus with comfortable seats used for long journeys
🔺 SYNbus
⛧ by coach
➡ We went to Paris by coach.on a coach
➡ She’s going to Grimsby on a coach.
➡ acoach tripto ScotlandThe restaurant was full ofcoach parties(=groups of people travelling together on a coach).

Question 17

sor‧cer‧er

/ˈsɔːsrə$ˈsɔːrsrər/noun[C]

Answer 17

a man in stories who uses magic and receives help from evil forces

Question 18

play the fool

Answer 18

To behave comically or playfully, often to amuse others.
➡ Joe never plays the fool—he’s always serious. ➡ If you continue to play the fool, you’re going to have to leave the classroom.

Question 19

make a fool (out) of (someone or oneself)

Answer 19

To do something that makes someone or oneself seem stupid or ridiculous. I’m not going to dance too much at the party because I don’t want to make a fool out of myself in front of my coworkers. I know Greg is only trying to impress Lisa, but he’s making a fool out of himself by telling so many corny jokes. Don’t let him make a fool of you like that—say something back!

⛧ make a fool (out) of someone and make a monkey (out) of someone

to make someone look foolish.
➡ John made a monkey out of himself while trying to make a fool out of Jim.
➡ John made a fool out of himself at the party. Are you trying to make a monkey out of me?

Question 20

dazzling

Answer 20

/ˈdæzlɪŋ/adjective

1)a light that is dazzling is very bright and makes you unable to see properly for a short time

2)very impressive and attractive
➡ a dazzling display of football skills

Question 21

invoke

1

Answer 21

/ɪnˈvəʊk$-ˈvoʊk/verbT

to use alaw or ruleinordertoachieve something

➡ Police can invoke thelawtoregulateaccessto theseplaces.
➡ The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.

Question 22

torequesthelpfrom someone,especiallyagod, when you wanttoimproveasituation:

Answer 22

invoke (2)

➡ Theirsacreddanceisperformedto invokeancientgods.

➡ St. Genevieve is often invoked against plagues.

tocallon something or someone, esp.God, forhelp

Question 23

to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in people’s minds by describing an event or situation, or by talking about a person

Answer 23

invoke

➡ a painting that invokes images of the Rocky Mountains
➡ During his speech, he invoked the memory of Harry Truman.

➡ to invoke a familiar idea.

to make someone have aparticularfeelingorremember something

Question 24

suggested or understood without being stated directly

Answer 24

im‧pli‧cit
AC/ɪmˈplɪst/adjective

🔺 OPPexplicit
⛧ implicit criticism/threat/assumption
➡ Her words contained an implicit threat.
➡ His statement is being seen as implicit criticism of the work of research laboratories.

⛧ implicit in
➡ Confidentiality is implicit in your relationship with a counselor.

Question 25

expressed in a way that is very clear and direct

Answer 25

ex‧pli‧cit
AC/ɪkˈsplɪst/adjective

➡ The contrast could not have beenmademoreexplicit.
➡explicit knowledgeof grammar
➡The kidnappers gave usexplicit instructionsnot to involve the police.
➡Be explicit when you talk about money with your family.explicit about
➡He made the rules without being explicit about them.

🔊 explicit orders (easy to carry out)
🔊 explicit directions (easy to follow)

Question 26

language or pictures that are ….. describe or show sex or violence very clearly

Answer 26

explicit

➡ The film contains some very explicit love scenes.
➡ sexually explicitlanguage

“explicit language”
or
“explicit violence” in movies.

Question 27

(formal)to explain an idea in detail

Answer 27

explicate

/ˈeksplkeɪt/verb

➡It is essentially a simple notion, but explicating it is difficult.

Question 28

trained to live or work for humans,

Answer 28

domesricated

i.e. pets and farm animals.
➡ For centuries humans have believe that dogs are domesticated wolves, but DNA testing reveals that they are in fact a different species.
⛧ Domesticated plants.

هم برای حیوان و هم برای گیاه به کار می رود.

⛧ cooking and cleaning are “domestic” chores

⛧ domicile (a building that serves as a home).

🔊 Thus domesticated means an animal tamed to live in your home — or, as some women like to joke, a man.

➡ It will follows a young girl named Adara in her world of warring kingdoms, where domesticated dragons are ridden in battle.

Question 29

a situation in which someone receives a lot of attention, especially from newspapers, television etc

Answer 29

limelight / ˈlaɪmlaɪt / noun [ singular, uncountable ]
in/out of the limelight
»> Tad loves being in the limelight.
»> The president’s wife wanted to stay out of the limelight.
»> She’s afraid this new actor will “steal the limelight” from her.
»> his few moments of limelight in front of the cameras.
—————
➡ During the game, VAR was in the limelight for the wrong reason when Mitrovic was pulled down in the area and robbing Serbia of a surefire penalty.

Question 30

a lot of attention in newspapers, on television etc

Answer 30

the spotlight ( / ˈspɒtlaɪt $ ˈspɑːt- / noun )

+ in/under the spotlight
»> Education is once again under the spotlight.
+ put/turn the spotlight on something
»> A new report has turned the spotlight on the problem of poverty in the inner cities.

Question 31

get/achieve

to get or achieve something that will be permanent, especially after a lot of effort

Answer 31

secure / sɪˈkʊə $ -ˈkjʊr / verb

> > > Boyd’s goal secured his team’s place in the Cup Final.
+ secure a deal/contract
The company secured a $20 million contract.
Negotiators are still working to secure the hostages’ release.
Redgrave won his third Olympic gold medal, and “secured his place in history” .

Question 32

( informal) certain to succeed :

Answer 32

surefire / ʃɔfaɪə $ ʃʊrfaɪr / adjective [ only before noun ]
»> Children soon learn that bad behaviour is a “surefire way” of getting attention.
»> a “surefire recipe” for success

Question 33

1) two statements that are ….. cannot both be true

2) …. behaviour, work etc changes too often from good to bad

Answer 33

inconsistent AC / ˌɪnkənˈsɪst ə nt◂ / adjective

1 SYN contradictory OPP consistent :
»> The accounts of the witnesses are inconsistent.
»> His results are inconsistent with our data.
inconsistent with
»> His conduct was inconsistent with what is expected of a Congressman.
2 OPP consistent :
»> The team’s performance has been highly inconsistent this season.

Question 34

having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind;
powerful and effective

Answer 34

potent / ˈpəʊt ə nt $ ˈpoʊ- / adjective

SYN powerful :
»> potent drugs
»> a potent symbol of oppression
»>Advertising is a potent force in showing smoking as a socially acceptable habit.
»>A good company pension scheme remains a potent weapon for attracting staff.
»>The treaty requires them to get rid of their most potent weapons.

Question 35

to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective

Answer 35

undermine / ˌʌndəˈmaɪn $ -ər- / verb [ transitive ]

> > > economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system
+ undermine sb’s confidence/authority/position/credibility etc
The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence.

Question 36

confidence (Collocation)

Answer 36

+ have confidence
Young teenagers often don’t have a lot of confidence.
+ be full of confidence
The team are full of confidence.
+ lose (your) confidence
He’d been out of work for six months and had lost all his confidence.
+ give somebody confidence
I had really good teachers who gave me a lot of confidence in myself.
+ boost/increase sb’s confidence (= make someone feel more confident ) One of my stories was published, which really boosted my confidence.
+ build up sb’s confidence (= gradually increase it ) When you’ve had an accident, it takes a while to build up your confidence again.
+ undermine sb’s confidence (= gradually reduce it )
His constant criticism was undermining my confidence.
+ destroy/shatter sb’s confidence
When she failed her degree, it shattered her confidence.
+ a lack of confidence
She had always suffered from insecurity and a lack of confidence.