NIMS Book 1 - Section II - Chapter 2 Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
_______ are specific under the direction of Division or Group Supervisors.
A
Tasks
p 79
2
Q
The ICS should not drive the __________, the _________ drives the ICS.
A
incident / incident
p 83
3
Q
Command should start an __________ ________ with Dispatch when the first dispatched unit arrives on scene of a structure fire or other incidents that appear to be time sensitive or dangerous.
A
incident clock
p 83
4
Q
__________ companies extinguish fires, but ________ companies determine how the fire will be extinguished.
A
Engine / truck
p 84
5
Q
Positioning the truck company at fires should be a __________ __________.
A
primary concern
p 84
6
Q
A rule of thumb is “ the _________ “ belongs to the truck.
A
” the address “
p 84
7
Q
If the placement of the “first-alarm assignment” at an incident is ___________, it is impossible to call a “time-out”, regroup, and start over.
A
Incorrect
p 84
8
Q
Responding companies (particularly the first two companies) should not approach an incident from the ?
A
same direction if possible
p 84
9
Q
Companies responding from the opposite direction can quickly develop primary and alternative _________ __________.
A
water sources
p 84
10
Q
Companies responding from opposite directions will not have to drive over or be blocked by _________ ________ laid in the street.
A
supply lines
p 84
11
Q
Companies responding from opposite directions can easily park?
A
in-line, leaving more of the street open for other apparatus
p 84
12
Q
To achieve the incident priorities, the IC defines _________ and _________, which together make the incident objectives achievable and measurable as defined by NIMS.
A
strategy and tactics
p 79
13
Q
If the aerial ladder is to be used, spot the truck at?
A
a corner
p 84
14
Q
The __________ of the building are the strong portions of a building and normally are out of the collapse zone.
A
corners
p 85
15
Q
Placing an aerial ladder to a corner normally will not place the ladder over ?
A
horizontal openings such as windows
p 85
16
Q
While positioning a truck company, make sure that an engine does not block the removal of __________ _________.
A
ground ladders
p 85
17
Q
When defensive operations are called for, the building becomes a prime candidate for __________.
A
collapse
p 85
18
Q
Common collapse zones are the ________ and _______ of a building.
A
sides and ends
p 85
19
Q
Walls can collapse at least the ________ of the wall.
A
height
p 85
20
Q
If lines are going into windows, consider placing __________ at the windows.
A
ladders
p 85
21
Q
When responding to structures with “old style” fire escape balconies, consider dropping?
A
the fire escape ladder
p 85
22
Q
One of the most challenging situations an engine company may encounter is putting a hoseline into operation in a?
A
center hallway fire
p 85
23
Q
As a general rule, __________ _______ tend to be the quickest and most practical method of getting firefighting lines on the fire floor.
A
rope/drop bags
p 86
24
Q
____________ could become unreliable with age unless they are regularly tested and maintained.
A
Standpipes
p 86
25
If the standpipe is charged, consider sending a member to the upper floors to ensure that?
all the gates are closed
p 86
26
For enclosed hallway buildings, if smoke or fire is showing from one window but the hallway is clear, it is likely that?
one unit is involved and the doorway is closed to the unit
p 86
27
It is pretty common for ________ ___________ occupancies to be completely different from front to back.
center hallway
p 86
28
If for some reason gaining access into the structure is a problem due to forcible entry, don't ?
waste time
p 86
29
If gaining entry into a structure is delayed, don't waste time waiting on forcible entry, to gain access you could ?
throw a ladder to the floor above or as close to the fire floor as possible to gain access
p 86
30
If multiple lines are noted entering the window of a fire-escape balcony, a good idea would be to enter the _______ ________ to the fire escape, close the door, clear out the __________ and ________, and the throw a _______ ______.
unit adjacent / window and frame / drop bag
p 86
31
If possible, it is helpful to advance a __________ __________ as far as possible prior to charging.
bundled hoseline
p 86
32
Don't open ___________ doors until they are ready to advance the line down the ___________. Once ready to advance, make sure to ________ ________ the door.
hallway / hallway / block open
p 87
33
One of the most frequent problems encountered by engine companies at center hallway structure fires is the fact that initial companies ?
lay short on attack 1 3/4 inch handlines
p 87
34
Ideally a minimum of ______ hoselines should be placed into operation.
two
p 87
35
One line is used to ______ the ______ in the hallway or in an adjacent unit on the opposite side of the hallway, while the other is used to?
hold the fire (extension)
knock down fire in one of the involved units
p 87
36
Use one line as a ___________ line and one line as an ___________ _________ firefighting line.
protection / advanced attack
p 87
37
A ______ inch line is usually not the line of choice for protection because it is difficult to move.
2 1/2 inch
p 87
38
Take charge of the ____________! Instruct other companies to ________ below the fire floor in one of the hallways.
stairwells / stage
p 87
39
Use the stairwell / hallway doors to assist in confining the _______ and _______ and to aid in _______________.
smoke and fire / extinguishment
p 87
40
Remember, doors in center hallways are our _________. Don't make them an _________ by using poor judgement.
friends / enemy
p 87
41
The location in center hallway apartments can be determined by counting the number of _______ __________ from the stairwell to the fire apartment / unit.
door indents
p 87
42
If conditions deteriorate, find refuge during retreat which may be the ?
closest unit to the fire
p 87
43
The area between the hanging (suspended) ceiling and the roof is called the _________.
plenum
p 87
44
The center-core building uses the plenum as an ______ _________ __________.
air return system
p 87
45
Consider taking an inside ladder to access the ________.
attic
p 87
46
Take advantage of the ___________ of the building, they may be able to ________ to the direction of the fire and provide an indication to the best point of access.
residents / point
p 87
47
Once the point of access has been decided, run up to the fire floor or floor below the fire and throw down a _______ ______ for the engine company.
drop bag
p 87
48
___________ __________ is one of the more arduous tasks and one of the most important.
Pulling ceilings
p 88
49
Fire in ___________ __________ is a real and immediate problem at many structural fires.
concealed spaces
p 88
50
____________ on the part of responders is one of the reasons for a fires progression beyond where it should be allowed to go.
Hesitation
p 88
51
If the structure is burning, aggressively _______ __________ in proximity to the fire.
pull ceilings
p 88
52
Keep pulling the ceiling until the entire area containing traces of fire is ________. Open ______.
opened / big
53
Hallway ceilings typically conceal the pipe chases for the building, making it extremely difficult to?
open a good-sized opening
p 88
54
Oftentimes it may be better to enter a room off a hallway to check for ?
extension of fire
p 88
55
Although a hoseline should be in place and loaded/charged prior to pulling ceilings, the hose stream should not be used until?
the entire ceiling (a large hole) has been pulled
p 88
56
For safety, pull the ceiling just past the ___________ or in the area farthest from the ________ to the room.
entrance / door
p 88
57
Whenever possible, depending on the size of the room and manpower, at least ______ responders should be assigned to pulling ceilings.
two
p 88
58
There is the possibility of a ____________ when opening up a ceiling, especially if ___________ ____________ ___________ is introduced.
backdraft / positive pressure ventilation
p 88
59
It is also ideal to have the roof __________ ____________ first when a ceiling immediately under a roof has to be pulled at a serious fire.
vertically ventilated
p 88
60
Attic fires need to be ____________ ventilated.
vertically
p 88
61
In a lot of multistory buildings, __________ _________ provide serious potential for backdraft conditions.
suspended ceilings
p 89
62
Under fire conditions expect loose _______ to fall when light hose streams are in play and expect all _______ to break up under heavy streams.
tile / tile
p 89
63
Remember that ______ _______ and a ____________ are required for extension operations.
pike poles / hoselines
p 89
64
When upper floors are involved with fire, check the bottom of ___________ _________ and other __________ __________ for live embers that may have dropped from above.
elevator shafts / vertical openings
p 89
65
A ______________ is a small elevator used for conveying food and dishes or small goods from one floor to another and needs to be checked for extension.
dumbwaiter
p 89
66
Pipe chases for plumbing extend from the ___________ level through the _______, where the soil (vent) pipes from the bathrooms terminate in the outside air.
basement / roof
p 89
67
Remember that warm weather produces a natural ___________ of ______ current within laundry shafts or trash chutes. It will draw ______.
updraft / air / fire
p 89
68
As older buildings age, they are ___________ which makes firefighting more difficult.
renovated
p 89
69
A hot ______ pipe or "______" pipe indicates fire is traveling up that pipe chase.
vent / "soil"
p 89
70
If fire is traveling up a pipe chase, immediately relay the information to the IC and immediately begin ________ _____ around the pipe.
opening up
p 89
71
Opening up an area around a hot vent or "soil" pipe may delay lateral spread in the ___________, long enough to allow interior teams to expose it from below and knock it down.
cockloft
p 89
72
Check for extension throughly along the ___________, in _______ ________, ________ _________, etc.
baseboards / light walls / trash chutes
p 89
73
```
Follow all roof-top safety procedures:
_____________ cut(s), ________ indicators, __________, etc.
```
inspection / smoke / sounding
p 90
74
It may be necessary to force open penthouse doors, etc. Remember to open these when?
arriving on the roof. People have been found "stacked up" behind these doors.
p 90
75
Determine if the penthouse door should be left open or closed based on the ?
conditions and location of the fire
p 90
76
When opening the penthouse door, don't ?
stand in front of the door / fire can be drawn to the opening causing injury
p 90
77
When looking for the fire, remember to look over the edge of the __________.
parapet
p 90
78
Consider opening the fire room for ___________ ___________ ventilation. Tie off an _______ with a drop line and lower the ______ to ventilate the fire room window.
positive pressure / axe / axe
p 90
79
Consider the __________, _________ walls, areas adjacent to __________ walls and the areas over the ____________ to be the strongest/safest areas on these roofs.
corners / bearing / parapet / hallways
p 90
80
Consider ventilating over the ______ unit first and extending the hole out over the ___________.
fire / hallway
p 90
81
The main objectives of the primary search is to?
reach trapped, savable occupants before they succumb
p 90
82
The ___________ _________ is a very thorough search of all areas of the structure for any occupants who may have been missed during the primary search.
Secondary search
p 90
83
Secondary search should be _____________.
mandatory
p 90
84
Statistics indicate that most occupants die _______ __ ______.
above a fire (as smoke and heat travel upward)
p 90
85
All casement / double-hung windows should be treated as ?
barred windows
p 90
86
Generally, when searching a room off a hallway, closing the door can ________ ____. If this is the cases don't hesitate to _______ ___________ during investigation.
isolate it / open windows
p 91
87
When searching the floors above the fire, remember to start the search?
directly above the fire because it may be the most untestable area in a matter of minutes
p 91
88
If a very low mattress is found while moving through a bedroom, consider the possibility of a _______ ______.
bunk bed
p 91
89
If there is any chance of there having been jumpers prior to arrival, make sure obscured areas are checked for victims. These include _________, __________ of ____________, etc.
shrubbery / rooftops of exposures
p 91
90
More responders are injured from __________ structures when outside the building than on the inside.
collapsing
p 91
91
Someone should keep track of how many and the length of time ________ __________ ________ have been operating.
large caliber streams
p 91
92
The weight of water flowing onto rooftops will exceed its?
"limit" within minutes
p 91
93
Modern floor construction, as well as conventional floor construction is not designed for supporting the additional weight of even?
a couple of inches of water
p 92
94
Additional indications of collapse may be the following:
* Walls that are out of ________.
* Smoke and/or water issuing through ________.
* ________ pulling away from their supporting members
* Buckled ________ beams
* plumb
* bricks
* beams
* steel
p 92
95
Indications of collapse:
* Large cracks or large sections of _________ falling away from the structure.
* _________ expansion / explosions
* Little or no __________
* Soggy _________
* plaster
* unequal
* runoff
* floors
p 92
96
Indications of collapse:
* Heavy ______ involvement
* ____________ / ______ of the structure
* _________ (creaking, moaning, groaning, snapping, etc)
* fire
* overloading / age
* noise
p 92
97
Collapse can take the form of _______-____ if supports on one side of the floor let go. "___" if the beams crack in the middle, and __________ if the whole floor lets go.
lean-to / "V" / pancake
p 92
98
Remember, no floor below is ever designed to take the ?
"hit" of the floor above it
p 92
99
If the floor is moving away from the ______ or the ______ is leaving the floor, consider potential collapse.
wall / wall
p 92
100
Remember, an __________ __________ system left running can cause problems.
automatic sprinkler
p 92
101
Steel will elongate _____ inches in a 100 ft span.
Eight
p 92
102
Methods to protect structural steel:
* Application of a sprayed-on ____________ coating, containing a cement mixture or sprayed fiber.
* Encasement in various materials including _________, plaster, _________, wallboard, _________, tile or a combination of them.
* __________ ___________ proofing is accomplished by installing a fire-rated ceiling beneath the steel to be protected.
* monolithic
* concrete / gypsum / brick
* ceiling membrane
p 93
103
If a steel beam is glowing, it should be hit with a ______ _________ from a nozzle. Steel is elastic, and it can stop the ___________ factor.
cold stream / expansion
p 93
104
Someone should keep track of how many and length of time that _________ _________ applications have been in operation.
master streams
p 93
105
Consider opening _______ in _________ to allow for the drainage of water. In addition, ___________ can be removed and used as a drain.
holes in floors / toilets
p 93
106
Be suspect of any building built in the past _________ or early this ___________ (pre _______)
century / century / 1933
p 93
107
_______ _______ mortar is water soluble.
Sand lime
p 93
108
When brick is used in ordinary (conventional) construction today, __________ ________ usually back it.
masonry blocks
p 93
109
___________ ________ carry an amazing amount of the masonry load.
Wooden beams
p 93
110
The destruction of the ________ in a fire causes the failure of the masonry structure.
wood
p 93
111
The presence of _____________ on the roof of building places a dead load on the structure, in most cases, it wasn't originally designed to carry.
billboards
p 93
112
_________ or _______ pushing out of cracks in walls indicates weakened areas in the wall.
Smoke or fire
p 94
113
Cover holes in flooring with ______, etc. Consider the use of a __________ when operating in areas above burnt out stairs.
doors / ladder
p 94
114
Most collapses are not spectacular; they occur on the ___________ of a structure and usually are not noticeable from the exterior.
interior
p 94
115
Collapse might result in near _______________ of the fire caused by the smothering effect the resulting debris has on the burning area.
extinguishment
p 94
116
Collapse can also effect the fire by involving a much __________ ________ and a __________ fire.
larger area / spreading
p 94
117
After a collapse a fire can spread because the fire is now getting enough ?
air to sustain free burning
p 94
118
The purpose of __________ work is to protect property from damage by water and other elements of fire.
salvage
p 94
119
The company assigned salvage must first know the location of the _______. This knowledge will give a good indication of where most of the _________ will be found.
fire / water
p 94
120
When the fire is on an upper floor of a multistoried building, the salvage company should attempt to hold the water to the floor?
below the fire
p 94
121
Form _________ and _________ below ceilings where water is expected to travel so that it may be channeled out a window, down elevator shafts, and other vertical passages.
drains / chutes
p 94
122
The salvage company / group uses __________ covers (no __________ sheeting) and begins salvage operations as ________ to the fire as safely possible.
canvas / plastic / close
p 94
123
Remember that __________ __________ will melt and should only be used for water / flooding conditions.
plastic sheeting
p 94
124
Floor _________, ___________, and removing the __________ are great options for large water removal.
drains / scuppers / toilet
p 94
125
With IC approval, have someone shut down the ___________ and isolate the fire floor only, as soon as lines are in place.
sprinklers
p 94
126
Sprinklers contribute ________ damage to the building and hold _________ down, which make it difficult to find the fire.
water / smoke
p 94
127
By definition, the Websters dictionary lists a _____________ as part of a building that is wholly or partly below grade level.
basement
p 94
128
A __________ is listed as the room or group of rooms below the surface of the ground and usually under a building.
cellar
p 94
129
A _________ __________ is defined as a small space beneath the lower floor of a structure that allows access to wiring or plumbing.
crawl space
p 95
130
A basement can be a full ________ below grade, and sometimes has _____-________ its height or less above grade level. In this case when calculating the height of a building, the basement is counted as the ________ ________.
story / one-half / first floor
p 95
131
A cellar is a below-grade area that has more than half its?
height below grade
p 95
132
A ______________ is an underground level below a cellar.
subcellar
p 95
133
A cellar that is totally below grade front, side and rear will have only one or two ______________ and no ____________.
stairways / windows
p 95
134
Only a ____________ is more dangerous than a below-grade cellar.
subcellar
p 95
135
A subcellar will have only one interior ___________ and no ___________.
entrance / windows
p 95
136
A subcellar is usually found in old ____________ and ___________ buildings and modern ______-_______ buildings.
commercial / storage / high-rise
p 95
137
A fire in a _____________ is the most difficult below-grade fire extinguishment problem encountered in the fire service.
subcellar
p 95
138
From a firefighting point of view, a __________ fire is the most dangerous area inside a building.
cellar
p 95
139
More responders are killed and injured nationwide battling ____________ fires than on any other floor.
cellar
p 95
140
Basement fires, generally speaking, are probably the most difficult to _____________, as well as to _____________.
ventilate / extinguish
p 95
141
It is common that alarms are delayed in basements due to the fact they may?
conceal smoke and fire for some time.
p 95
142
When used correctly, ___________ ___________ ____________ will assist with rapid controlled movement of smoke in a structure.
positive pressure ventilation
p 95
143
In a below-grade fire if the structure design allows it, consider opening a ?
hole on the first floor over the fire near a window
p 96
144
A hoseline should always be in place with active fire _____________.
ventilation
p 96
145
A ___________ can be placed at the opening of the basement. This allows smoke to be pressurized and push the top of the ___________.
blower / blower
p 96
146
A second blower needs to be placed ___________ to the first blower facing towards the controlled ___________.
adjacent / opening
p 96
147
Always shut off the ___________ while working in a confined space.
utilities
p 96
148
If the water level has reached the electrical supply service to the building, the responder will be slowly _____________ as they enter the cellar.
electrocuted
p 96
149
Shut off __________, ______ supply, and _________ before members enter a (confined space) cellar or basement fire!
electric / gas / water
p 96
150
Consideration should be given to having a ___________ in close proximity to the stairwell in the event of stair collapse.
ladder
p 96
151
Positive pressure ventilation uses _____________ advantage by increasing the interior ____________ to move heat and smoke in sequential order.
mechanical (electric, gasoline, & water driven blowers) / pressure
p 96
152
Do not open the structure beyond the blowers capacity to move __________ and ________.
smoke and heat
p 96
153
PPV will improve interior fire fighting conditions only if the _____________ is controlled.
exhaust
p 97
154
Responders should not open doors or windows for overall?
structure ventilation
p 97
155
PPV is advocated for __________ attack and _________ operations.
interior / search
p 97
156
PPV may not be a total replacement for ____________ ____________.
vertical ventilation
p 97
157
PPV is not indicated for the following:
* _______________ conditions
* Isolated ________ fires (vertical ventilation is the proper ventilation operations)
* Imminent rescues with people at _____________
Backdraft / attic / windows
p 97
158
Both vertical and PPV can be used simultaneously if ____________ are ready to deploy and ____________ are actively moving towards the fire.
hoselines / responders
p 97
159
Based upon significant ___________ conditions, PPV may be the only choice of ventilation possible.
weather
p 97
160
_________ ____________ is the process of ventilating areas by means of windows, doors, and other horizontal openings.
cross ventilation
p 97
161
When contemplating cross ventilation, particular attention must be given to prevailing _______ __________.
air currents
p 97
162
Whenever possible during cross ventilation, the smoke and heated gases should be channeled out the ____________ side of the structure.
leeward
p 97
163
In cross ventilating a large area, open the windows on the ____________ side from the top and on the ____________ side, open the windows both top and bottom.
leeward / windward
p 98
164
When venting a single room, small area or any other area where no horizontal air current can be established, open windows about _____-_______ from the top and ______-________ from the bottom.
two-thirds / one-third
p 98
165
When it is desirable to break windows on the fire floor to establish cross ventilation and approach to them is difficult, this may be accomplished from the interior by the use of _______ __________.
hose streams
p 98
166
New building construction methods are usually NOT designed to assist _______ __________ operations.
fire suppression
p 101
167
As architects reduce mass and change the chemical composition of building materials, we losing one of our most valuable factors: ________?
Time
p 101
