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Non-Aqueous Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

Clear, sweetened flavored hydroalcoholic liquids intended oral use.

A

Elixirs

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2
Q

Ingredients of Elixirs

A

Ethanol
Water
Glycerin
Sorbitol
Propylene glycol
Flavoring Agents
Preservatives
Syrups

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3
Q

Alcohol content of Elixirs

A

5 - 40%

Self-preserving: >10%

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4
Q

Examples of Elixirs

A

Aromatic Elixir, NF - 22% alcohol

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5
Q

Combination of Low Alcoholic Elixir (8-10%) and High alcohol elixir (73 - 78%)

A

Iso-alcohol Elixir

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6
Q

Alcoholic solution or hydroalcoholic preparations of volatile substances prepared usually by simple solution or by admixture of the ingredients

A

Spirits/Essences

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7
Q

Alcohol content of Spirits

A

> 60%

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8
Q

Use of Spirits

A

Flavoring Agents

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9
Q

Preparation of Spirits

A

Simple Solution
Maceration
CHemical Reaction
Distillation

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10
Q

Method of Preparation of Aromatic Ammonia Spirit

A

Simple Solution

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11
Q

Method of Preparation of Peppermint Spirit and Spearmint Spirit

A

Maceration

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12
Q

Method of Preparation of Ethyl nitrite Spirit

A

Chemical Reaction

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13
Q

Method of Preparation of Brandy and Whiskey

A

Distillation

Brandy - Spiritus vini vitis
Whiskey - Spiritus frumenti

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14
Q

Locally applied solutions that precipitate proteins and cause constriction of the skin

A

Astringents

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15
Q

Astringent can be used as ____ as they reduce secretions

A

Astringent

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16
Q

Examples of Astringents

A

o Aluminum Acetate Topical Solution – wet dressing in contact dermatitis
o Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution – more soluble in cold water
o Coal Tar Topical Solution – for eczema

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17
Q

Kill bacteria when applied to skin or mucous membrane in the proper strength

A

Local Anti-Infective Solutions

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18
Q

Local anti-infectives solutions

A

Povidone Iodine Topical soln
Thimerosal Topical Soln
Hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

Used as an antiseptic and surgical scrub

A

Povidone iodine topical soln

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20
Q

Components of Povidone iodine topical soln

A

10% Iodine + Polyvinylpyrrolidone

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21
Q

Water soluble organic mercurual antibacterial agent

A

Thimerosal Topical soln

0.1% Thimerosal

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22
Q

3% Hydrogen peroxide

A

10 volume - Wound antiseptic

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23
Q

6% Hydrogen peroxide

A

20 volume - Bleaching agent

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24
Q

Alcoholic or oleaginous solutions containing more than one API and are usually rubbed on the skin

25
Liniments should not be applied to skin areas that are ____ or ____ to avoid excessive irritation
Liniments should **not** be **applied** to skin areas that are**bruised** or **broken** to avoid excessive irritation
26
Two types of Liniments
Alcoholic Liniment Oleaginous Liniment
27
Alcoholic liniment
penetrating action; rubefacient and counterirritant
28
Oleaginous Liniments
For massage; less irritating Solvent for a) Fixed Oil: Peanut Oul, Almond Oil, Sesame Oil b) Volatile Subs: Wintergreen, Turpentine
29
Liquid preparations composed of **4% pyroxylin** dissolved in a solvent mixtures (**Alcohol + Ether**) | 1:3 Alcohol-Ether
Collodions
30
Product of HNO3 + H2SO4 on cotton
Pyroxylin
31
Coat for bandages and stiched incisions to make them waterproof and protect against external stress
Flexible collodion
32
Components of Flexible Collodion
Collodion + 2% camphor + 3% Castor Oil | Camphor - Waterproof Castor Oil - Flexibility
33
Flexible Collodion + 10% Salicylic Acid
Salicylic Acid Collodion | Keratolytic
34
**Separation** of **medicinally active portions** of **plants** or **animal tissues** by using selective solvent
Extraction
35
Solid ingredients are soaked in a stoppered container with a solvent and allowed to stand for a period of 3 days with frequent agitation
Maceration
36
Form of maceration using a gentle heat
Digestion
37
Maceration of solids for a short period of time with cold or hot boiling water
Infusion
38
Extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents by boiling in water for 15 minutes
Decoction
38
Extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents by boiling in water for 15 minutes
Decoction
38
Extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents by boiling in water for 15 minutes
Decoction
39
The ground solids are mixed with the appropriate quantity of the solvent and stand for 15 minutes then transferred to a percolator
Percolator | Pass a liquid through a solid material drop by drop
40
Concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs
Extracts
41
Extracts are obtained by
Isolation of the active ingredient with suitable menstruum Removal of solvent Adjustment of the residual masses or powders
42
Forms of Extracts
Semiliquid Extracts Pilular/Solid Extracts Powdered Extracts
43
Liquid/syrupy extract; no solvent is removed
Semiliquid Extracts
44
Plastic masses intended for pills, ointments, and suppositories; nearly all solvent is removed
Pilular / Solid Extracts
45
Dry powders, intended for dry formulations; removed all solvents
Powdered Extracts
46
Alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable drugs or chemical substances
Tinctures
47
Alcohol Content of Tinctures
15 - 80%
48
Preparation of Tinctures
Percolation Maceration
49
Belladonna is prepared by | Tincture
Percolation
50
Sweet Orange Peel and Compound Benzoin Tincture is prepared by
Maceration
51
Paregoric, USP
Camphorated Opium Tinxture
52
Opium Tincture, USP
Laudanum
53
Hydroalcoholic solutions from vegetable drugs (ONLY)
Fluidextracts
54
Fluidextracts is also known as
100% tinctures | Too potent and bitter
55
Preparation of Fluidextracts
Percolation
56
Processes of Percolation of Fluidextracts
PROCESS A: Alcohol, Alcoholic water B: Two menstruum * Menstruum I: Glycerin or Acid * Menstruum II: Mix of Alc & Water C: Fractional/Divided (for volatile) D: Boiling Menstruum E: Modification of C; Alternate for A, B,

DDS (18 decks)

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