Non invasive Clostridium

Question 1

True/False: Non invasive clostridia cause lesions in the GI tract

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Non invasive clostridia produce disease strictly through _____

Answer 2

neurotoxins

Question 3

Botulinum toxin and tetanus block _____ release

Answer 3

neurotranmitter

botulism blocks Ach

Tetanus blocks GABA

Question 4

Botulism is characterized by _____ paralysis

Answer 4

flacid

Question 5

True/ False: Botulism is seen mainly in rumiants, horses, mink, fowl and swine

Answer 5

False- swine are rarely affected

Question 6

Botulinum neurotoxins are _____ endopeptidases that bind to cholinergic nerve cells and decrease the release of acetylcholine

Answer 6

zinc

Question 7

While the spore is normally very heat resistant, what can be added to food to suppress the germination of the spore in foods?

Answer 7

salt, nitrates

Question 8

What are the reservoirs of non invasive clostridium?

Answer 8

soil and aquatic sediments

Question 9

What is the most common route of transmission of botulism?

Answer 9

toxin ingestion

*toxin is present when food is contaminated with cadavers of animals

Question 10

Pathogenesis of botulism

Answer 10

1. toxin is ingested and circulates in blood stream
2. goes to neuromuscular junction and inhibits release of acetylcholine
3. muscle is not able to contract
4. animal cannot breathe - death due to respiratory failure

Question 11

Clinical signs of botulism include:

Answer 11

musclular incoordination - recumbancy

extrusion of tongue

*no change in consciousness

Question 12

What types of botulism are predominant in animals?

Answer 12

Types C and D

Question 13

True/False: dead cat or rodent in feed can be source of outbreak of botulism

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the initial clinical sign of botulism in birds?

Answer 14

limberneck

Question 15

Type ____ bolulinum is linked to phosphorous diet deficeincies

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Type ____ Botulinum is caused in cattle and mules and causes shaker foal syndrome

Answer 16

B

Question 17

infant botulinum leads to what syndrome

Answer 17

Floppy baby syndrome

Question 18

What is the only accepted method of confirmation of botulsim?

Answer 18

Toxin is extracted from material and injected into guinea pig or mice

Question 19

True/False: Botulin can be grown on egg yolk and blood agar

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the best treatment of Botulism

Answer 20

evacuate the stomach- remove stomach contents

antitoxin treatment

Question 21

What is the main vaccine for Botulism?

Answer 21

toxoids

Question 22

_____ is a neuroparalytic that is characterized by tonic-clonic convulsions

Answer 22

tetanus

Question 23

How do animals get tetanus?

Answer 23

inoculation of a traumatic wound with spores

Question 24

True/False: All mammals are susceptible to tetanus but horses are highly resistant

Answer 24

False: Poultry is highly resistant

Question 25

tetanus toxin is a ____ endopeptidase that binds to the neurons and inhibits the GABA

Answer 25

zinc

Question 26

Tetanus is characterized by muscle that is constantly \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

contracted

Question 27

Tetanus is antigenically ____ meaning that no mater what toxin you use for the vaccine there will be cross immunity

Answer 27

uniform

Question 28

Tetanus leads to \_\_\_\_paralysis

Answer 28

spastic

Question 29

ascending tetanus is typical of animals that _____ highly susceptible

Answer 29

ARE NOT \*ascending tetanus does not cause complete spastic paralysis, only localized to certain areas

Question 30

descending tetanus is typical in ______ species

Answer 30

highly suscpetible \*in descending tetanus the toxin enters the CNS and produces generalized tetanus

Question 31

True/False: mortality is 5% for tetanus

Answer 31

False: at least 50% mortality and highest in young animals

Question 32

Clinical signs for tetantus include:

Answer 32

stiffness, muscle tremor, grinding of teeth, lockjaw, stiffness of tail ect.

Question 33

True/ False: animals with tetanus are not conscious

Answer 33

False: consciousness persists

Question 34

What is the main cause of death in tetanus?

Answer 34

respiratory arrest

Question 35

True/False: Carnivores are not as susceptible as horses or ruminants

Answer 35

True normally only ascending tetanus

Question 36

What is the best way to prevent tetanus?

Answer 36

toxoid vaccine

Question 37

True/False: Survivors are susceptible to reinfection with tetanus

Answer 37

true

Question 38

What appearance does Tetanus have under a microscope?

Answer 38

drumstick type bacteria

Question 39

What is the best treatment for tetanus?

Answer 39

neutralization of the ciruclation toxin wound care