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Normal Flora Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

What are the diverse microbacterial flora present in? (6 points)

A 
Skin
Mucous membrane
Mouth
Throat
Pharynx
Vagina
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2
Q

What are the 4 normal flora present in these sites?

A

Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Gram positive bacilli
Yeast

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3
Q

What is are the 3 examples of Gram positive cocci normal flora?

A

S.epidermidis
Viridans sterptococci
Enterococci

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4
Q

What is an example of Gram negative cocci normal flora?

A

Neisseria

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5
Q

What is an example of Gram positive bacilli normal flora?

A

Diphtheria

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6
Q

What is an example of yeast normal flora?

A

Candida

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7
Q

When are these diverse microbacterial flora being formed?

A

After birth

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8
Q

Until when are these diverse microbacterial flora being formed?

A

Death

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9
Q

What are not considered members of these diverse microbacterial flora?

A

Viruses

Parasites

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10
Q

Describe these viruses and parasites which doesn’t make them members of these diverse microbacterial flora

A

Not commensals

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11
Q

What isn’t done by these viruses and parasites to the host ,which doesn’t make them members of these diverse microbacterial flora?

A

Aid

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of normal flora?

A

Resident bacteria

Transient

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13
Q

Describe the resident flora bacteria

A

Stable

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14
Q

Where are the resident flora bacteria regularly found at?

A

Any anatomical site

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15
Q

What do they do to certain tissues?

A

Colonization

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16
Q

What 3 factors make them colonize certain tissues?

A

Tissue tropism
Specific adherence receptors
Biofilm formation

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17
Q

What does the host provide for the resident flora bacteria in tissue tropism? (5 points)

A 
Essential nutrients 
Growth factors
Oxygen
pH
Temperature
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18
Q

Describe the oxygen, pH and temperature used for the growth of the resident flora bacteria

A

Suitable

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19
Q

What are some resident flora bacteria able to do with the biofilm? (2 points)

A

Construction

Colonization

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20
Q

Where are some resident flora bacteria able to construct the biofilm on?

A

Tissue surface

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21
Q

What is the colonized biofilm built by?

A

Another bacterial species

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22
Q

What does the balance between the microbes vary with? (3 points)

A

Age
Antibiotics
Disruption

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23
Q

Which destruction does the balance between the microbes vary with?

A

Normal anatomic or physiologic function

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24
Q

Describe the occurrence of the transient normal flora in the body

A

Not always present

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25
For how long does the transient normal flora stay in the body?
Days Weeks Months
26
Describe these days, weeks and months
Few
27
What are the 4 functions of the normal flora?
Resistance Stimulation Synthesis Secretion
28
What does the normal flora resist?
Infection
29
What are the 3 ways in which the normal flora resist the infection?
Prevention Secretion Antagonization
30
What does the normal flora prevent in order to resist the infection?
Colonization
31
What is this colonization of?
Pathogens
32
How does the normal flora prevent the colonization of the pathogens to resist the infection?
Competition
33
What does the normal flora compete for? | 3 points
Attachment sites Receptors Essential nutrients
34
What is this known as?
Bacterial interference
35
What does the normal flora secrete in order to resist the infection?
Mucin
36
What does the normal flora prevent when it secretes mucin?
Attachment
37
The attachment of what is prevented when the normal flora secrete mucin?
Pathogens
38
What does the normal flora antagonizes in order to resist the infection?
Other bacteria
39
What substances antagonizes the other bacteria?
Bacteriocins
40
What does these substances to the other bacteria? (2 points)
Inhibition | Killing
41
What is stimulated by the normal flora in order to resist the infection?
Immune system
42
What occurs in the stimulation of the immune system?
Cross reactivity
43
What does the cross reactivity occur between?
Related bacteria
44
What are produced in response to normal flora?
Antibodies
45
What is the function of these antibodies?
Protection
46
What do these antibodies protect?
Host
47
What do these antibodies protect the host from?
Pathogenic bacteria
48
What does the normal flora synthesize and excrete in order to resist the infection?
Vitamin
49
What is an example of a vitamin excreted and synthesized by the normal flora?
K
50
Which flora produce the vitamin K?
Intestinal
51
Which flora produce the vitamin K?
Intestinal
52
What are the 2 occasions in which the normal flora could be a pathogen?
Opportunistic infection | Normal habitat change
53
Which status does the opportunistic infection occur in?
Immune-compromised
54
Which 2 immune-compromised status where the opportunistic infections occur in?
Candidiasis | After trauma
55
Which patients have Candidiasis?
HIV
56
What is an example in which the immune-compromised status occurs after trauma?
Post-operative abdominal abscess
57
Where does the opportunistic infection also occur in?
Antibacterial therapy
58
What does the antibacterial therapy result in?
Superinfection
59
What does the superinfection occur with?
Antibiotic resistant pathogens
60
What are the 2 examples of the normal flora bacteria that cause infections when their habits are changed?
Intestinal E.coli | Viridans streptococcus
61
What does the intestinal E.coli cause?
Urinary Tract Infection
62
What does the Viridans streptococcus cause?
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
63
Which patients have subacute bacterial endocarditis?
Predisposed
64
Where does the Viridans streptococcus present as a normal flora in?
Upper respiratory tract
65
What are the Probiotics?
Microorganisms
66
Describe the microorganisms of the Probiotics
Live
67
Describe the amounts administrated of these live microorganisms
Adequate
68
What do these administrated adequate amounts of the live microorganisms confer?
Beneficial health effect
69
What does this beneficial health affect?
Host
70
What are the Prebiotics?
Food ingredients
71
Describe these food ingredients
Non-digestible
72
What do these food ingredients do? (2 points)
Affection | Stimulation
73
Describe the affection and the stimulation
Beneficial
74
What do these food ingredients beneficially affect and stimulate?
Normal flora
75
Where is the normal flora which is beneficially affected and stimulated by these food ingredients?
Colon
76
What feature of a disease is not shown by the carrier?
Symptoms
77
What feature of a disease is carried by the carrier?
Infectious agent
78
What is the carrier capable of doing with this infectious agent to other people?
Transmission
79
Describe the contacts of this carrier
Unware
80
What are these contacts unaware of?
Infection
81
What aren't restricted by the illness of these carriers?
Activities
82
What are the 4 types of carriers?
Incubatory Of subclinical infections Convalescent Chronic
83
When do the incubatory carriers transmit their infection?
Before their symptoms start
84
What is an example of an infection in which the incubatory carriers carry it?
Mumps
85
Describe the subclinical infection
Inapparent
86
What is not shown by the carriers of subclinical infection?
Illness
87
What are the 2 examples of the subclinical infections?
Poliomyelitis virus | Meningo-coccal meningitis
88
Describe the number of the subclinical cases before a single case appears
High
89
When do the convalescent carriers continue to be infectious?
During and after the recovery
90
What is an example of an infection in which the convalescent carriers carry it?
Salmonella
91
What do the chronic carriers do with the infection?
Harbor
92
For how long do the chronic carriers harbor the infection?
For a year or longer after their recovery
93
What is an example of an infection in which the chronic carriers carry it?
Hepatitis B

Microbiology (12 decks)

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