Nutrition Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Nutrition
A
The way in which an organism obtains and uses food
2
Q
3 things nutrients are essential for
A
Energy
Raw materials for growth and repair
Cell reactions eg. Enzymes, hormones
3
Q
6 elements
A
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur
4
Q
What’s elements are found in salt
A
Sodium Magnesium Chlorine Potassium Calcium
5
Q
3 trace elements
A
Iron
copper
Zinc
6
Q
Biomolecules
A
Chemicals that are made inside a living cell
7
Q
4 main biomolecules
A
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
8
Q
Elements in carbohydrates
A
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
9
Q
Sources of carbohydrates
A
Bread Pasta Rice Sugar Fruit sweets
10
Q
Monosaccharide 2 examples
A
Glucose
Fructose
11
Q
How is fructose different to glucose
A
The same chemical formula but arranged differently
Sweeter than glucose
12
Q
2 examples of disaccharides
A
Maltose
Sucrose
13
Q
Sucrose made of
A
Glucose
Fructose
14
Q
Maltose made of
A
2 glucose molecules
15
Q
Are disaccharides soluble in water
A
Yes
16
Q
Are disaccharides reducing sugars
A
Some but not all
17
Q
Polysaccharides
A
Many sugar molecules linked together
18
Q
Are polysaccharides sweet
A
No
19
Q
Are polysaccharides soluble in water
A
No
20
Q
3 polysaccharides
A
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
21
Q
Starch in plant
A
Stored energy in plants
22
Q
Cellulose structural function
A
Plant cell wall
23
Q
Why is cellulose hard to digest
A
A lot of cross bonding
24
Q
Glycogen different to starch
A
Long chains of molecules but more branching than starch
25
Glycogen in animals
Storage polysaccharide found in liver and muscles
| Stores energy
26
Functions of carbohydrates
Provide energy - glucose releases energy in cells
Food stores in the roots of plants
Cellulose support in cell walls
27
Carbohydrates in DNA
Deoxyribose
28
Carbohydrate in RNA
Ribose
29
Lipids are
Fats and oils
30
Elements in lipids
C O H
31
Fats
Solid at RT (20°c)
32
Oils
Liquid at RT
33
Triglyceride
3 fatty acids attached to one glycerol molecule
34
Structure of phospholipid
Replace a fatty acid with a phosphate group
35
Sources of lipids
```
Fat on meat
Olive oil
Butter
Lard
Cream
```
36
5 functions of lipids
Store energy in the body (all excess food stored as fat)
Phospholipid bilayer makes up cell membranes
Fat (adipose) tissue insulates body
Protects internal organs
Stores fat soluble vitamins ADEK
37
Elements in protein
C H O N
| Sometimes sulphur
38
Structure of protein is
Very large and complicated
39
Small units of proteins
Amino acids
40
How many types of amino acids are there?
20
41
Bond between amino acids
Peptide bond
42
Peptide
Less than 20 AA
43
Polypeptide
Between 20 and 200 AA
44
Protein
More than 200 AA
45
2 things the function of protein depends on
Sequence of amino acids
| Folding of the amino acids
46
Structural function of protein
Keratin in hair and nails for strength
47
Metabolic role of protein
Enzymes and hormones
48
Enzyme
Speeds up chemical reactions in the body
49
Hormone
Chemical messenger
50
Hormones and enzymes are
Globular proteins
51
Sources of proteins
Meat fish eggs nuts peas beans
52
What happens with surplus amino acids
Taken to liver and converted into urea
53
Process that converts amino acids to urea
Deanimation
54
Vitamin structure complex or simple
Complex
55
Are vitamins organic
Yes they contain carbon
56
Can the body make vitamins
No
57
How much vitamins should we eat
Tiny amounts needed for a balance diet
58
Water soluble vitamins
C and B
59
Other name for vitamin C
Ascorbic acid
60
Sources of vitamin c
Fresh fruit and veg
61
2 functions of vitamin c
Functioning of a healthy immune system
| Formation of connective tissues; skin gums and ligaments
62
Deficiency of vitamin c
Scurvy- bleeding from gums and poor healing of skin
63
Fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
64
Most common vitamin d
D2 calciferol
65
5 sources of vitamin D
```
Liver
Fish oils
Milk
Egg yolks
Action of sun on skin
```
66
2 functions of vitamin D
Aid the absorption of calcium and phosphorous from intestine
Normal bone growth
67
Deficiency of vit d
Rickets - weak deformed bones
68
Are mineral organic
No
| Do not contain carbon
69
4 functions of minerals
Form rigid body structures
Form soft body parts eg.muscles
Form body fluids
Form biomolecules eg.chlorophyll or hemoglobin
70
2 minerals plants
Calcium magnesium
71
2 minerals animals
Calcium iron
72
Source of calcium plant
Absorbed from soil
73
Source of magnesium plant
Absorbed from soil
74
Function calcium plant
Formation of middle lamella between plant cell walls (cement)
75
Function of magnesium. Plant.
Forms chlorophyll
76
Source of calcium animal
Dairy
77
Function of calcium animal
Forms bones and teeth
78
Source of iron. Animal.
Liver
Red meat
Spinach
79
Function of iron. Animal.
Forms haemoglobin
80
Mass of cells water
75-90%
81
3 functions of eater in the body
Excellent solvent - basis for transport in body
Creates turgor in plant cells
Takes part in chemical reactions
82
Condensation reactions
Small molecules join to form a larger molecuk with the loss of a water molecule
83
Example of condensation reaction
2 glucoses make maltose with losss of water
84
Hydrolysis reaction
A molecule gains water and is broken down to form smaller molecules
85
Example of hydrolysis reaction
2 amino acids split after they have gains water
86
Why is water good for body
It has a high heat capacity
| Doesn’t heat up or cool down easily
87
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions taking place in an organism
88
Anabolic
Smaller to larger
Energy used
Enzymes required
89
Ex of anabolic
Photosynthesis
90
Catabolic
A complex molecule to simpler ones
Release energy
Require enzymes
91
Ex of catabolic
Respiration
92
Reducing sugar test
Benedict’s solution
| Blue to red
93
Starch test
Iodine
| Red yellow to blue black
94
Fat test
Brown paper
No stain
Translucent stain
95
Protein test
Biuret solution
Sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate
Blue to violet
96
Reducing sugar
Any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent
