Ophthalmology Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
pinguecula is an overgrowth of vascular conjunctivitis onto cornea associated with destruction of the superficial layer of cornea
A
false
2
Q
pterygium is a malignant tumor of the conjunctiva
A
false
3
Q
vernal conjunctivitis typically affects children
A
true
4
Q
keratoplasty means transplantation of cornea
A
true
5
Q
photocoagulation laser treatment is used mainly of diabetic retinopathy treatment
A
true
6
Q
glaucoma is progressive optic neuropathy with loss of retinal ganglion cells , and increase d thickness of retinal nerve layer
A
false
7
Q
glaucoma attack means acute angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure of 120 mmhg
A
false
8
Q
primary open angle glaucoma is more frequent in hyperopic eyes
A
false - acute angle closure glaucoma is more common due to its shallow anterior chamber
9
Q
increase cup\disk ratio is characteristic for advanced glaucoma damage
A
true
10
Q
impression tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement
A
false
11
Q
gonioscopy is non contact examination to differentiate closed and open angle glaucoma
A
false- gonioscopy is using a goniolens together with a slit lamp or operating microscope to view the iridocorneal angle.
12
Q
glaucoma can be present on case of normal intraocular pressure
A
true
13
Q
bruckner test is used for examination of the red reflex in children
A
true - can help determine if the patient has normal ocular alignment.
14
Q
reasons of leucocoria include cararact , retinoblastoma , retinopathy of prematurity
A
true
15
Q
risk factors for retinal detachment include: intraocular surgery ocular trauma and hyperopia
A
false
16
Q
buphthalmos means congenital cataract
A
true
17
Q
uveal melanoma is less common in darker skinned patients
A
true
18
Q
congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction can spontaneously heal without surgery
A
true
19
Q
surgery in case of congenital cataract can be performed before 6 month of age
A
true
20
Q
majority of uveal melanomas origniate for choroid and can cause retinal detachment
A
true
21
Q
retinoblastoma is always a heritable disease
A
false
22
Q
acute angle closure glaucoma symptoms include corneal edema , shallow anterior chamber , dilated pupil and pain
A
true
23
Q
retinal detachment os usually caused by retinal breaks created during posterior vitreous detachment
A
true
24
Q
touter layers of retina are supplied by uveal vessels
A
false
25
endothelial cell damage is responsible for the edema of the cornea
true
26
galucoma is the leading cause of blindness in the world
false
27
wet age related macular degeneration is treated with vegf inhibitor therapy
true
28
dry age related macular degeneration is treated with supplement therapy
tue
29
wet age related macular degeneration causes severe visual deterioration
true
30
dry age related macular degeneration is more frequent than wet
true
31
refractive surgery inculdes: phtorefractive keratectomy , LASIK and vitrectomy
false
32
anisometropia means that the refractive error difference bw the eyes is less than 3 diopters
false
33
in refractive myopia the axial length is longer than average
false
34
hyphaema means sedimented blood in the anterior chamber
true
35
chlamydial conjunctivitis is treated with systemic antibiotic therapy
true
36
ptosis occurs only in elderly people
false
37
trachoma symptoms include follicular conjunctivitis, papillary hyperophia and discharge with corneal scarring
true
38
trachoma is mainly endemic in europe and north america
false
39
the commonest cause of conjunctivitis is bacterial infection
false
40
conjunctive does not contain lymphatic tissue
flase
41
goblet cells are located in the tear gland
false
42
intracapsular cataract extraction means lens is removed with its capsule
true
43
in keratoconus the corneal astigmatism increases
true
44
acrus senilis is corneal degeneration with lipid deposition in stroma around the limbus
true
45
keratitis dendritica is an endothelial form of herpetic infection
false
46
ulcus serpens cornea cum hypopyo is caused by fungal infection
false
47
symptoms of cataract inculde : blurred vision , central scotoma
false
48
anisometropia means that the refractive error difference bw the eyes is more than 3 diopters
false- Anisometropia is a condition in which the refractive power of the two eyes not the same with more than 2 diopters difference .
49
refractive surgery inculdes photorefractive keratectomy , LASIK and LASEK
TRUE
50
dry age related macular degeneration is less frequent than wet
false
51
wet age related macular degeneration cause sudden visual deterioration
true
52
dry age related macular degeneration is less frequent than wet
false ( its more common and less severe )
53
wet age related macular degeneration causes sudden visual deterioration
true ( Wet macular degeneration symptoms usually appear suddenly and worsen rapidly while dry is more progressive)
54
dry age related macular degeneration is treated with laser therapy
false - treated mainly with antioxidant supplements .
55
wet age related macular degeneration is treated with supplements
false - treated with anti VEGF eg ranibizumab.
56
galucoma is leading cause of blindness in the world
false - the leading cause is uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts.
57
stromal cells of the cornea are responsible for the clarity of the cornea
false - collagen fibrils within the cornea are narrower than in many other connective tissues and this is an important factor for transparency
58
the inner layers of retina are supplied by retinal vessels
true- while the outer gets its blood supply by diffusion from choroid capillary supply
59
extracapsular cataract extraction means , lens is removed with keeping its capsule in place
true - type of eye surgery in which the lens of the eyes are removed, leaving the elastic capsule covering the lens which is left partially attached to allow the implantation of an intraocular lens. ?
60
goblet cells are located in the conjunctiva
true-In the conjunctiva goblet cells are a source of mucin in tears and they also secrete different types of mucins onto the ocular surface.
61
bulbar conjunctiva does not contain lymphatic tissue
false
62
the commonest cause of conjunctivitis is herpatic infection
false -Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae
63
trachoma symptoms include follicular conjunctivitis , papillary hypertrophia and discharge with corneal scarring
true - chronic conjunctivitis characterised with progressive exacerbations
64
trachoma is mainly endemic in the industrially low developed countries
true
65
ectropium occurs only in young people
false - Ectropion is a condition in which your eyelid turns outward. This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation. Ectropion is more common in older adults, and it generally affects only the lower eyelid
66
chlamydial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eyedrops only
false - also systemic penicillin
67
adenoviral conjunctivitis can be treated well
true
68
hyphaema means sedimented blood in anterior chamber
true - usually very painful
69
vernal conjunctivitis typically affects children
true- vernal conjunctivitis is chronic swelling (inflammation) of the outer lining of the eyes. It is due to an allergic reaction, common in children and adolescents with seasonal recurrence
70
pterygium is benignant tumor of cornea
false - A pterygium is a growth of the conjunctiva or mucous membrane that covers the white part of your eye over the cornea
71
pterygium is an overgrowth of vascular conjunctiva onto cornea associated with destruction of superficial layers of cornea
true
72
the innermost layer of the tear film is lipid and produced by goblet cells
false - tear film is made up of three layers – an oil (lipid) layer, a water (aqueous) layer and a mucin layer.
73
ulcus serpens cornea cum hypopyon is caused by bacterial infection
true? - This type of ulcus serpens often developed as the smallpox patient appeared to be on the road to recovery. Not the smallpox virus but a secondary bacterial invader - frequently the pneumococcus bacterium - had taken advantage of a break in the corneal surface due to keratitis e lagopthalmo.
74
keratitis dendritica is an epithelial form of herpetic infection
true - Herpetic simplex keratitis is a form of keratitis caused by recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the cornea.
75
kayser fleischer ring is corneal degeneration with lipid deposition in stroma around limbus
false - dark rings that appear to encircle the iris of the eye. They are due to copper deposition in part of the cornea (Descemet's membrane) as a result of particular liver diseases.
76
in keratoconus the refractive power of the cornea decreases
false - refractive power of equal to or higher than 48 diopters in the steepest corneal meridian
77
symptomes of cataract inculde : blurred vision, painless eye,reduced red reflex
true
78
blepharitis and meibomian gland disease are causing evaporative dry eye
true - low-grade inflammation of the eyelids and obstruction of the oil glands of the eyelid
79
congenital cataract are removed by surgery as early as possible to prevent amblyopia
true - congenital cataract can cause Amblyopia which also called lazy eye - a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to process inputs from one eye and over time favors the other eye.
80
heritable retinoblastoma usually occurs in younger age compared to nonheritable form
false - n.b one of the symptomes is Leukocoria (also white pupillary reflex) is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye.
81
retinal detachment is usually preceded by posterior vitreous detachment
true - this PVD is giving rise to tractional retinal breaks
82
risk factors for retinal detachment include : intraocular surgery, ocular trauma and myopia
true
83
ciliary body melanoma comprises majority of uveal melanomas and can occur without any symptoms
false - uveal melanoma is more common , usually occurs as choroidal melanoma and almost always unilateral.
84
acute iridocyclitis symptoms include photophobia, swollen iris and corneal precipitates
true - ddx acute angle closure glaucoma - here the eye is also red but IOP is usually decreased
85
the innermost layer of the year film is mucin and is produced by goblet cells
true
86
keratitis dendritica is epithelial form of herpatic infection
true
87
buphthalmos means congenital cataract
false- Infantile glaucoma often produces the clinical sign of buphthalmos which is enlargement of the eyeball .
88
in axial myopia the axial length is shorter than average
false
89
penetrating keratoplasty means full thickness transplantation of the cornea
true - surgical removal of a damaged or diseased portion of the cornea, followed by the implantation of healthy tissue from a donated human cornea
90
goldmann applanation tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement
test measures fluid pressure in your eye by measuring the amount of force needed to temporarily flatten a part of your cornea.
91
Bruckner test is used for the examination of leukocoria
false - bruckner is transillumination test
92
in axial myopia the axial length is longer than average
true
93
hypopyon means sedimented blood in the anterior chamber
false - Hypopyon is a medical condition involving inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye.
94
impression tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement
flase - goldmann applanation tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement
95
vernal conjunctivitis typically occurs in sexually active adults
false - its allergic reaction
96
hyphaema means sedimented blood in posterior chamber
false - its in the anterior chamber
97
retinal detachment is independent from posterior virtuous detachment
false
98
in hyperopia the axial length is shorter than average
true
99
dry age related macular degeneration is treated with VEGEF inhibitors
false - VEGEF inhibitors are used for wet macular degeneration
100
congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction needs surgery from age 6 months
false
101
excimer laser is used mainly for diabetic retinopathy treatment
false ?
102
galucoma is progressive optic neuropathy with loss of retinal ganglion and increase thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer
true
103
goblet cells are located in the sclera
false - goblet cells are located in the conjunctiva
104
trachoma is not present anymore in the world
false
