Pathology Department 2 Definitions Flashcards
(211 cards)
1
Q
ENDOMETRIOSIS
A
Presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus.
2
Q
REMISSION
A
Partial or complete disappearance of a chronic or a malignant disease.
3
Q
ATRESIA
A
Absence of an opening, usually of a hollow visceral organ or duct.
4
Q
GRANULOMA
A
Aggregates of activated macrophages with scattered lymphocytes.
5
Q
KOILOCYTE
A
HPV infected squamous epithelial cell characterised by nuclear irregularity, hyperchromasia and perinuclear halo.
6
Q
FOCAL
A
Localized lesion, limited to a specific area.
7
Q
TYPICAL SITE OF LACUNAR INFARCTS OCCUR:
A
Basal ganglia, The Thalamus.
8
Q
INFLAMMATION, chronic active
A
Pattern of chronic mucosal inflammation mixed with acute inflammation of the glands. (for example H.Pylori Chronic Gastritis)
9
Q
Infarction, haemorrhagic
A
Area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the vascular supply to the affected tissue and consequential bleeding (dual or collateral blood supply, venous occlusion, reestablished flow after infarction). (Lung/Bowel/Gonads)
10
Q
KRUKENBERG TUMOR
A
Ovarian metastasis of a mucinous carcinoma. The primary tumor site may be for example the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas.
11
Q
WHAT IS MERKEL-CELL CARCINOMA, AND WHERE DOES IT ARISE?
A
Neuroendocrine tumor of the Merkel-cells in the skin.
12
Q
INFLAMMATION, acute fibrinous
A
Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage with fibrin-rich exudate (due to large vascular leaks or local procoagulant stimulus - Pericarditis/Pseudomembrane Colitis)
13
Q
DERMATITIS
A
Inflammation of the skin.
14
Q
ECTASIA
A
Any local dilation of a structure.
15
Q
PSEUDOMEMBRANE
A
Adherent layer of inflammatory cells and debris at sites of mucosal injury.
16
Q
MOST COMMON SITE OF REGIONAL METASTASIS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA:
A
Cervical lymph nodes.
17
Q
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
A
Characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas (or atheromatous or atherosclerotic plaques) that impinge on the vascular lumen and can rupture to cause sudden occlusion.
18
Q
PHLEGMON
A
Diffuse form of acute purulent inflammation, spreading through tissue spaces over a large area without definite limits.
19
Q
ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF MESOTHELIOMAS:
A
Asbestos.
20
Q
MOST COMMON LOCALIZATION OF EWING’S SARCOMA
A
Middle region of long tubular bones.
21
Q
GLEASON GRADE
A
A grading system used in prostate adenocarcinomas to determine the differentiation of the tumor. It is based on the glandular formation of the tumor cells.
22
Q
PUSTULE
A
Discrete, pus-filled, raised lesion.
23
Q
INFLAMMATION, chronic non-specific
A
Prolonged host response (weeks or months) to persistent stimuli that may follow unresolved acute inflammation or be chronic from the onset (cells: lymphocytes, plasma cells).
24
Q
HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF GERM CELL NEOPLASMS OF THE TESTIS
A
Seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, spermatocytic tumor.
25
INFECTIVE AGENT THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS?
Helicobacter pylori.
26
HYPERTROPHY
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.
27
PYOTHORAX
Pus in the thoracic cavity.
28
TYPICAL SYMPTOMS FOR NEPHROSIS SYNDROME:
Hyperlipidemia, proteinuria (>3,5g/day), hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema.
29
DIFFUSE
Not definitely limited or localized, continuous or widespread distribution.
30
HEMOPERICARDIUM
Hemorrhage within the pericardial cavity.
31
TROUSSEAU SIGN
Migratory thrombophlebitis occurring in tumor patients. It is attributable to the elaboration of platelet-aggregating factors and pro-coagulants from the tumor cells.
32
WHICH TWO CARCINOMA TYPES INFILTRATE COMMONLY TO MAJOR VEINS?
Hepatocellular carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma of the kidney.
33
ENDOCARDITIS
Inflammation of the endocardium, which may be infective or non-infective of origin.
34
PRIMARY LOCALIZATION OF LYMPHOGENOUS METASTASES IN MALIGNANT TESTICULAR TUMORS:
Paraaortic lymph nodes.
35
HETEROTOPIA
Or choristoma refers to microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal locations.
36
DRESSLER SYNDROME
An autoimmune phenomenon that can occur after myocardial infarction and manifests 2-3 weeks later as pericarditis and a pericardial effusion.
37
PROCTITIS
Inflammation of the rectum
38
SALPINGO-OOPHORITIS
Inflammation of the adnex (ovary and tube).
39
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Hardening of the arteries, arterial wall thickening and loss of elasticity.
40
BALANITIS
Local inflammation of the glans penis.
41
TUMOR, malignant
A tumor which can invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize) to cause death.
42
TOPHUS IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR:
Gout
43
INFLAMMATION, acute purulent
Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage characterized by the production of pus (exudate of neutrophyls, liquefied debris of necrotis cells and edema fluid, Folliculitis/Pneumonia).
44
HEMATOMA
Hemorrhage accumulating within a tissue.
45
RUPTURE OF THE HEART FOLLOWING A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION OCCURS MOST LIKELY:
2-10 days after infarction.
46
VIRUS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN THE HEAD & NECK REGION:
Human papilloma virus (HPV).
47
TERATOMA
Germ cell neoplasia that contains ecto- endo and mesodermal tissues.
48
POLYP
Mass that projects above a mucosal surface.
49
TYPICAL SYMPTOMS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS:
Meconium ileus, recurring and chronic pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cor pulmonale, pancreas insufficiency.
50
NEOPLASM
Tissue growth due to abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation.
51
GRADE
Level of malignancy based on the cytologic differentiation of tumor cells and the number of mitoses within the tumor.
52
DYSPLASIA
Disorderly proliferation of the epithelium recognized by a loss in the uniformity of individual cells and in their architectural orientation.
53
WHAT DETERMINES THE GRADE OF NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS?
The mitotic rate and the ki-67 proliferation index.
54
KARYORRHEXIS
Form of nuclear destruction: fragmentation.
55
PNEUMOTHORAX
Air in the thoracic cavity.
56
INFLAMMATION, chronic granulomatous
Form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of activated macrophages, often with T lymphocytes and sometimes associated with central necrosis (granuloma formation).
57
EROSION
The superficial destruction of a surface by friction, pressure, ulceration, or trauma.
58
NECESSARY TISSUE SAMPLING METHOD IN CASE OF SUSPICION OF PROSTATE CANCER
Transrectal core needle biopsy.
59
REPAIR
Regeneration by proliferation of residual (uninjured) cells and maturation of tissue stem cells, and the deposition of connective tissue to form a scar.
60
CARCINOMA, microinvasive
Superficially invasive epithelial neoplasm, invasion detected only microscopically.
61
MELANOMA
Malignant tumor of melanocytes.
62
INVOLUTION
Reduction of volume of an organ or tissue (similarly to atrophy) due to physiological processes (e.g. thymus)
63
LITHIASIS
Formation of calculi (stones).
64
PAGET-DISEASE OF THE BREAST
In situ carcinoma spreading into the epidermis of the nipple.
65
NECROSIS
Form of cell death in which cellular membranes fall apart, and cellular enzymes leak out and ultimately digest the cell.
66
HEMOTHORAX
Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.
67
CARCINOID
Malignant tumors composed of cells that contain dense-core neurosecretory granules in there cytoplasm, may secrete hormonally active polypeptides. Applied only in lung tumor classification of neuroendocrine tumors.
68
ADHESION
Adhesions are fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between internal organs and tissues, joining them together abnormally.
69
EMBOLUS
Detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood from its point of origin to a distant site, where it often causes tissue dysfunction or infarction.
70
ATROPHY
Shrinkage in the size of cells by the loss of cell substance.
71
DYSTROPHY
Abnormal development or growth of a tissue or organ, usually resulting from nutritional deficiency.
72
REED-STERNBERG CELL
Binucleate tumor cell with large, inclusion type nucleoli typical for Hodgkin’s disease.
73
HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
Bowel motility disorder caused by the abscence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus.
74
PAPILLOMA
Benign epithelial neoplasms, growing on any surface, that produce microscopic or macroscopic fingerlike fronds.
75
THE CLONAL PROLIFERATION OF WHICH CELLS ARE DETECTED IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA?
Plasma cells.
76
EMPHYSEMA
Permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls without significant fibrosis.
77
MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM OCCURS IN:
Ileum.
78
EXOPHYTIC
A neoplasm or lesion that grows outward from an epithelial surface.
79
WHAT IS PARANEOPLASIA? LIST A FEW TYPICAL EXAMPLES!
Symptom complexes that occur in patients with cancer and that cannot be readily explained by local or distant spread of the tumor, nor to the secretion of hormones indigenous to the tissue the tumor is derived from. Trousseau-thrombophlebitis, acromegaly, marantic endocarditis, Cushing-syndrome, DIC, hypercalcemia.
80
ELEMENTS OF THE TUBERCULOTIC GHON’S COMPLEX:
Primary tuberculotic nodule – lymphangitis – lymphadenitis.
81
TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lympho-epithelioma), Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some B-cell lymphomas.
82
MEIGS’ SYNDROME
Ovarial fibrothecoma associated hydrothorax.
83
ANEURYSM
Congenital or acquired dilations of blood vessels or the heart.
84
TYPICAL SYMPTOMS FOR NEPHRITIS SYNDROME:
Hypertension, proteinuria, macroscopic hematuria, azotemia.
85
CARCINOMA, in situ
Severe dysplastic changes which involve the entire thickness of the epithelium.
86
FIBROSIS
Excessive deposition of collagen and other ECM components in a tissue.
87
THE TWO MOST COMMON LOCALIZATIONS OF EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS
Liver, spleen.
88
AUTOLYSIS
Enzymatic digestion of cells (especially dead or degenerate) by enzymes present within them (autogenous).
89
STASIS
Stagnation of fluid due to obstruction and congestion.
90
SARCOMA
Malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin.
91
GASTROSCHISIS
A birth defect in which abdominal viscera protrude through the incomplete abdominal wall.
92
METAPLASIA
Change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell type.
93
CARCINOMA
Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cells.
94
EMPYEMA
pleural exudate caused by microbial invasion through either direct extension of a pulmonary infection or blood-borne seeding
95
STENOSIS
Narrowing of a lumen.
96
METASTASIS
Spread of a tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor and unequivocally marks a tumor as malignant.
97
CARCINOMA
Malignant epithelial tumor.
98
PYKNOSIS
Form of nuclear destruction: shrinkage.
99
WHERE DOES OSTEOSARCOMA ARISE MOST COMMONLY
Metaphysis of long cortical bones, mainly distal femur and proximal tibia
100
HISTOLOGICAL AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID:
Grooves, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, crowding of nuclei, ground-glass (Orphan Annie) nuclei, Psammoma bodies, papillary and/or follicular structures. It rarely gives metastasis, if yes, lymphogenic metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes.
101
CARCINOGENESIS
Multistep process resulting from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations that collectively give rise to the transformed phenotype causing malignant neoplasms.
102
COARCTATION
Congenital narrowing or constriction of the aorta
103
ATYPIA
Structural abnormality in a cell due to reactive or neoplastic processes
104
EXUDATE
Protein-rich fluid accumulation
105
CYST
An abnormal closed epithelium-lined cavity in the body, containing liquid or semisolid material.
106
TRANSUDATE
Fluid with low protein content, little or no cellular material, and low specific gravity
(protein content: <3g/l).
107
GIANT CELL, FOREIGN BODY TYPE
A multinucleate "cell" or syncytium formed around inert foreign material formed by a fusion of activated macrophages.
108
MOST COMMON LOCALIZATION OF INTRACRANIAL BACTERIAL INFECTION:
Leptomeninx.
109
GIANT CELL, LANGHANS TYPE
A multinucleate "cell" or syncytium formed around caseating necrosis, typically in tuberculosis, formed by a fusion of activated macrophages.
110
COMPLICATIONS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Aneurysm formation, ischaemic injury of organs, embolism, thrombosis.
111
CONDYLOMA
HPV associated warty lesion of the genital squamous epithelium.
112
FISTULA
A permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the exterior of the body.
113
AGENESIS
Complete absence of an organ or is anlage.
114
HEPATORENAL SYNDROME
Renal failure in patients with severe liver disease in the absence of morphological change of the kidneys.
115
EPITHELIOID CELL
Activated macrophages which may develop abundant cytoplasm and begin to resemble epithelial cells
116
GIANT CELL
A multinucleate "cell" or syncytium formed by a fusion of activated macrophages.
117
ENDOPHYTIC
Tending to grow inward into tissues in fingerlike projections from a superficial site of origin — used for tumors
118
REGENERATION
Replacement of damaged tissue components and essentially return to a normal state.
119
VIRCHOW’S LYMPH NODE
Metastatic supraclavicular lymph node. The most common primary tumor is gastric adenocarcinoma.
120
BIOPSY
Process involving extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease.
121
EXAMPLES FOR OPTIONAL AND AN OBLIGATORY PRECANCEROUS CONDITION
Facultative: squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchi
Obligatory: cervical dysplasia
122
PANCOAST TUMOR
Locally disseminated, malignant tumor in the apex of the lung.
123
HOW IS IT POSSIBLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN FOLLICULAR ADENOMA AND FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA?
With the complete surgical removal of the lesion, and thorough histological examination of the capsule in search for capsular or vascular invasion which is diagnostic for follicular carcinoma.
124
HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MALIGNANCY IN MESENCHYMAL TUMORS
Cellular atypia, necrosis, increased mitotic count.
125
HYPERPLASIA
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ that stems from increased proliferation, either of differentiated cells or, in some instances, less differentiated progenitor cells.
126
DESMOPLASIA
Tumor induced stromal reaction characterized by collagen rich connective tissue.
127
FOCAL, MULTIPLE
More than one localized lesion, limited to a specific area.
128
TUMOR SUPRESSOR GENE
Genes that normally prevent uncontrolled growth and, when mutated or lost from a cell, allow the transformed phenotype to develop.
129
PHLEBOTHROMBOSIS
Venous thrombosis.
130
RESOLUTION
Restoration of the site of acute inflammation to normal.
131
CAROLI DISEASE
Congenital disorder comprising of multifocal cystic dilatation of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts.
132
GRANULATION TISSUE
Material formed in the process of repair of wounds of soft tissue, consisting of connective tissue cells and ingrowing young vessels.
133
TUMOR, benign
A tumor which has microscopic and gross characteristics that are considered to be relatively innocent, implying that it will remain localized and is amenable to local surgical removal.
134
ULCER
Local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing (shedding) of inflamed necrotic tissue.
135
WHAT DOES CONGO-RED STAINING DETECT?
Amyloid.
136
ANAPLASIA
Dedifferentiation, or loss of structural and functional differentiation of malignant tumors.
137
HYPERCHROMASIA
An increase in chromatin in cell nuclei, causing increased staining of nuclei with hematoxylin.
138
INFLAMMATION, acute serous
Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage marked by exudation of cell-poor fluid.(Burns/Rhinitis)
139
ADENOCARCINOMA
Malignant tumor of glandular epithelium.
140
HSIL
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, epithelial proliferation caused by high risk HPV infection, a precancerous condition.
141
WHAT IS CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM?
Venereal wart most commonly caused by HPV 6 and 11 serotypes.
142
ORCHITIS
Inflammation of the testis.
143
FORMS OF STERILE (NON-INFECTIOUS) ENDOCARDITIS:
Marantic endocarditis, endocarditis associated with carcinoid-syndrome.
144
INVASION
Invasion refers to the direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neighbouring tissues.
145
AMYLOIDOSIS
Disorder characterized by the extracellular deposits of proteins that are prone to aggregate and form insoluble fibrils.
146
EDEMA
Accumulation of interstitial fluid within tissues.
147
ADENOMA
Benign tumor of glandular epithelium.
148
ABSCESS
Localized collections of pus caused by suppuration buried in a tissue, an organ, or a confined space.
149
PHLEBITIS
Inflammation of a vein.
150
DIVERTICULUM
Acquired pseudodiverticular outpouchings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa.
151
MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOR OF THE BREAST
Fibroadenoma.
152
BRESLOW’S DEPTH
Thickness (mm) of skin melanoma measured from the granular layer of the epidermis.
153
LIST THE FEATURES OF CROHN’S DISEASE!
1) Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the whole GI tract
2) Segmental inflammation
3) Inflammation in all layers of the bowel wall, with granuloma formation and deep fissural ulcers
4) Fissures and fistulas common
5) Thickening of the bowel wall, stricture of the lumen
6) Extraintestinal symptoms
154
LYMPHOMA
Malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue.
155
DISEASE OF WHICH CELL TYPE IS HYDATIDIFORM MOLE?
Trophoblast cells.
156
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE MIGHT CAUSE HYPERPLASIA OF WHICH ORGAN?
Parathyroid gland.
157
LIST THE FEATURES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS!
1) Inflammatory bowel disease, beginning in the rectum, affecting only the colon
2) Continuous inflammation affecting only the mucosa and submucosa with broad based ulcers
3) Bowel wall becomes thin
4) Extraintestinal symptoms.
158
INFECTIOUS DISEASE THAT MAY CAUSE ORCHITIS:
Mumps.
159
ASCITES
Extravascular fluid collection (effusion) in the peritoneal cavity.
160
CONGESTION
Passive process resulting from impaired outflow of venous blood from a tissue, causing increased blood volume within the tissue.
161
THROMBUS
The formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel.
162
WHICH LIVER DISEASE IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
163
APLASIA
Incomplete development of an organ or its anlage.
164
DEGENERATION
Gradual deterioration of specific tissues, cells, or organs with corresponding impairment or loss of function.
165
IN WHICH DISEASE DOES CONDYLOMA LATUM OCCUR?
Syphilis.
166
ATELECTASIS
Loss of lung volume caused by inadequate expansion of air spaces.
167
SHOCK
A state in which diminished cardiac output or reduced effective circulating blood volume impairs tissue perfusion and leads to cellular hypoxia.
168
METHOD USED FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIA
PCR, cultivation, Ziehl-Neelsen stain.
169
WHICH TYPES OF VASCULITIS AFFECT THE SMALL AND MIDDLE SIZED ARTERIES?
Buerger’s disease, Polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener-granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis), Churg-Strauss disease (eosinophilia and granulomatosis with polyangitis).
170
MOST COMMON ORIGIN OF PANCREAS CARCINOMA:
Ductus epithelium.
171
SUPPURATION
Formation of pus.
172
APOPTOSIS
Pathway of cell death in which cells activate enzymes that degrade the cells’ own nuclear DNA and nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins
173
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nerve system which is characterized by recurring episodes of disease activity with production of white matter lesions.
174
ACHALASIA
Incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter with increased sphincter tone and aperistaltis of the esophagus.
175
CIRRHOSIS
Diffuse transformation of the liver into regenerative parenchymal nodules surrounded by fibrous bands, end stage of chronic liver disease.
176
PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF BREAST CARCINOMA
Histologic type, grade, stage
| Estrogen-, progesteron-, and Her2 receptor status, Ki-67 proliferation index
177
ARTERITIS
Arterial wall inflammation.
178
PATHOGENESIS OF GRAVES’ DISEASE
Thyroid stimulating anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies.
179
IMPETIGO
Superficial purulent inflammation of the skin.
180
BARETT’S OESOPAGUS
Intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells presenting at least 1 cm orally to the gastro-esophageal junction.
Precancerous condition.
181
PNEUMONIA
Inflammation of the lung.
182
BUDD-CHIARI-SYNDROME
Thrombosis of the hepatic veins.
183
MASTITIS
Inflammation of the breast.
184
INFLAMMATION, acute hemorrhagic
Initial, rapid response to infections and tissue damage with capillary endothelial destruction and consequent bleeding.(Spanish Flu/Anthrax)
185
RELAPSE
Return of a disease after its apparent cessation.
186
ONCOGENE
Genes that induce a transformed phenotype when expressed in cells by promoting increased cell growth.
187
FOCAL, SOLITARY
A single localized lesion, limited to a specific area.
188
LIST ONCOGENIC VIRUSES (WHICH PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MALIGNANT TUMORS)
EBV: Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, HHV-8: Kapos sarcoma, HCV/HBV: hepatocellular carcinoma, HPV: anogenital squamous cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma, HTLV-1: adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia.
189
HYALINE
A clear, eosinophilic, homogeneous substance occurring in cellular degeneration.
190
SCHWANNOMA
Tumor of the peripheral nerves.
191
PSEUDOCYST
Liquefied areas of necrotic tissue become walled off by fibrous tissue to form a cystic space, lacking an epithelial lining.
192
CAUSE OF COMMON WART
Human papilloma virus (HPV).
193
HERNIATION
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening in a covering membrane, muscle, or bone.
194
INFARCTION, anaemic
Area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the vascular supply to the affected tissue.(Heart/Kidney/Spleen)
195
BLASTOMA
Embryonal tumor, more common in children, that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells, often called blasts, characterized by small blue cells.
196
RECURRENCE
Neoplasm growing at the same place of previously treated primary tumor.
197
TWO MAIN FORMS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Acute interstitial pancreatitis, acute hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis
198
MALT LYMPHOMA (WITH EXAMPLES)
Lymphoma arising in the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
| stomach, small intestine, tonsils, thyroid gland, conjunctiva, bronchus
199
HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE
Autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis.
200
PLEOMORPHISM (POLYMORHISM)
Variation of size and shape of cells, usually charasteristic for malignant neoplasms.
201
WHICH LUNG TUMOR TYPE PRODUCES COMMONLY HORMONES?
Small Cell Carcinoma
202
HAMARTOMA
A mass of disorganized tissue indigenous to the particular site.
203
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME
Venous congestion on the superior extremities and head caused by compression of the vein, most commonly due to lung or mediastinal tumors.
204
HYDROTHORAX
Extravascular fluid collection (effusion) in the pleural cavity.
205
EXAMPLES FOR BENIGN AND MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS!
Benign: pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, Whartin tumor.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, myoepithelial carcinoma
206
KARYOLYSIS
Form of nuclear destruction: fading.
207
PETECHIAE
Minute (1 to 2 mm in diameter) hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces.
208
ECTOPIA
An abnormal location or position of an organ or a body part, occurring congenitally or as the result of injury.
209
TECHNIC OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING:
Exfoliative cytology.
210
HEPATIC STEATOSIS
Fatty degeneration of the liver.
211
THE TWO MOST COMMONLY AFFECTED
| ORGANS IN PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS:
Lung, Small Bowel
