Flashcards in Ophthamology Review Deck (57)
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1
What should a primary care provider do for a presumed retinal detachment?
Refer & position patient with head down.
2
In what age range do you expect to most commonly find amaurosis fugax?
Patients older than fifty.
3
What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?
Carotid atherosclerotic disease.
4
When treating herpes keratitis should you use topical antiviral, topical steroid or both?
Don't use steroids. Topical antiviral and refer!
5
A patient describes his vision loss as a curtain coming down and then going back up. What might the diagnosis be?
Amaurosis fugax
6
A patient presents with a painful, red nodule on the eyelid. What diagnosis should you be thinking of? What treatment should you begin with?
Hordeolum (sty). Warm compress and progress to topical abx if necessary.
7
A fundal exam shows a cherry red spot. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Central retinal artery occlusion
8
A college student presents with a little purulent drainage from one eye and nontender preauricular lymphadenopathy. What diagnosis and pathogen should you be thinking of?
Chlamydia conjunctivitis
9
What should a primary care provider do for presumed central retinal artery occlusion?
Ophthalmic emergency! Refer and intermittent pressure and release of the eye.
10
A patient presents with unilateral blurriness developing over a few days. Fundal exam shows a "blood and thunder" pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Central vein occlusion
11
What is appropriate treatment for central vein occlusion?
Typically self limited. Treat underlying disease.
12
Is glaucoma more prevalent in males or females?
Females 3:1
13
Give two risk factors for glaucoma.
African American descent and diabetes
14
What is the yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva which usually does not interfere with vision?
Pinguecula
15
A fundal exam shows a cup to disc ratio of >0.5. There are also vessels bending over the disc. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
16
A patient presents saying that he doesn't seem to need his glasses anymore after 30 yrs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cataract
17
A patient has metamorphopsia and a central blind spot. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Macular degeneration
18
What is the most likely quadrant for a retinal detachment?
Superior temporal
19
A patient presents with pain in one eye. The cornea is hazy and the pupils are fixed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
20
What is the most common way of testing for metamorphopsia?
Amsler grid
21
You notice drusen deposits on fundal exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Macular degeneration
22
A patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you begin treatment?
This is blepharitis. Treatment begins with good hygiene and moves on to topical antibiotics if necessary.
23
A patient has a history of multiple stys. He now has a painless nodule on his eyelid and minor conjunctivitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chalazion
24
What are the most common colors lost in color blindness?
Red and green
25
What is the term for eyelids that turn in?
Entropion
26
What is the term for bilateral yellow plaques near the eyes?
Xanthelasma
27
A fundal exam shows an opalescent retina and boxcarring of arterioles. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Central retinal artery occlusion.
28
What is the most common preceding event for orbital cellulitis?
URI
29
Vision loss described as curtain coming down should make you think of what diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
30
You notice a bowing of the iris on exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
31
A CT scan of the head shows broad infiltration of orbital fat. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Orbital cellulitis
32
A patient presents with watery bilateral discharge from the eyes and nontender preauricular adenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most common pathogen?
Viral conjunctivitis. Adenovirus.
33
How do you test for color blindness?
Ishihara plates
34
A patient with a history of asthma presents complaining of stringy discharge from both eyes and severe swelling around the eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Allergic conjunctivitis
35
What is the name for the the triangular or wedge shaped growth on the conjunctiva that may interfere with vision?
Pterygium
36
What is the name of the test for dry eyes?
Schirmer's test
37
A patient having recently undergone cataract surgery presents complaining of vision loss in the operative eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
38
A patient presents with sudden painless complete unilateral vision loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Central retinal artery occlusion
39
A dendritic lesion is seen with fluorescein stain. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Herpes keratitis
40
Which nerve is involved in herpes zoster ophthalmicus?
Trigeminal nerve, CN 5
41
Your attending asks you to come and see an excellent example of Hutchinson's sign. What diagnosis does the patient have?
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
42
A patient presents with a dense corneal infiltrate and an epithelial defect seen with fluorescein stain. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Corneal ulcer
43
A feathery border in an eye exam should make you think of what diagnosis?
Fungal infection
44
A patient in the recovery room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though there is something in her eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Corneal abrasion (pt's scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia).
45
What is the treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Reassurance
46
A 19 year old male took an elbow to the face while playing basketball this morning. The whole left side of his face is swollen and he can't look up. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Orbital fracture
47
A patient complains of seeing halos and rainbows around lights. She also complains of moderate photophobia? What is the most likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
48
What is the first thing you should be thinking of if a pediatric patient comes in with blood in the anterior chamber of the eye (hyphema).
Child abuse until proven otherwise.
49
How long after a radiant energy burn do symptoms typically show?
6-12 hours
50
What is the term for eyelids that turn out?
Ectropion
51
What is the initial treatment for a chemical burn to the eyes.
Irrigate, irrigate, irrigate
52
Colorblindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern?
Dominant X linked
53
What is the term for being nearsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?
Myopia, concave lenses
54
A college student presents with copious purulent drainage from one eye. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Neisseria conjunctivitis
55
What is the first line treatment for orbital cellulitis?
IV antibiotics, followed by 2 weeks of oral antibiotics.
56
What is the term for being farsighted? What type of lens do you use to correct it?
Hyperopia, convex
57
