organisms and populations

Question 1

4 levels of ecological organisation

Answer 1

organism population community biome

Question 2

niche is a

Answer 2

range of conditions in which an organism can live, use resources and perform a distinct functional role

Question 3

which is the most ecologically important abiotic factors

Answer 3

temperature and water

Question 4

significance of temperature on the organisms

Answer 4

has an affect on metabolic and physiological activity; enzymes and kinetics

Question 5

____ can tolerate narrow range of temp

Answer 5

stenothermal eg: snake

Question 6

_____ can tolerate high range of temp

Answer 6

eurythermal eg: human

Question 7

life on earth is unsustainable without ____

Answer 7

water

Question 8

for aquatic organisms, _____ of water is important

Answer 8

quality: pH, chemical composition, salt content

Question 9

inland water salinity

Answer 9

less than 5 ppt

Question 10

seawater salinity

Answer 10

30-35 ppt

Question 11

hypersaline lagoon

Answer 11

more than 100 ppt

Question 12

freshwater fishes cannot live long in sea because

Answer 12

osmotic problems they would face

Question 13

light is important for

Answer 13

photosynthesis, photoperiod

Question 14

algae which lives in deep ocean

Answer 14

red algae

Question 15

light importance for animals

Answer 15

diurnal rhythms, duration and cues for migratory activities

Question 16

____ quality of sunlight is important

Answer 16

spectral quality

Question 17

soil characteristics

Answer 17

pH, particle size, composition

Question 18

_____ determines the type of benthic organism that can thrive in deep sea

Answer 18

sediment characteristic

Question 19

____ can maintain body temperature and osmotic balance

Answer 19

regulators

Question 20

the process of maintaining the internal balance is called

Answer 20

homeostasis

Question 21

the success of mammals is because of the ability to

Answer 21

regulate and maintain constant body temperature

Question 22

normal body temperature is

Answer 22

37

Question 23

cold response:

Answer 23

shiver

Question 24

heat response

Answer 24

sweat

Question 25

99% of animals and all plants are _____

Answer 25

conformers

Question 26

thermoregulation is energetically ______

Answer 26

expensive

Question 27

why are shrews/ small animals not found in polar regions

Answer 27

heat loss or gain is a function of surface area. small animals have large body volume and small surface area and therefore heat is quickly lost and have to expend much energy to generate heat

Question 28

partial regulation involves

Answer 28

migration and suspension

Question 29

Siberian crane move from

Answer 29

Siberia to keolado national park in bharatpur Rajasthan to escape harsh winter

Question 30

suspension in bacteria, fungi and lower plants

Answer 30

spore formation

Question 31

zooplankton suspend by

Answer 31

diapause

Question 32

seeds suspend germination by

Answer 32

dormancy

Question 33

winter sleep

Answer 33

hibernation

Question 34

summer sleep

Answer 34

aestivation

Question 35

____ is any attribute of an organism that allows it to thrive in an area

Answer 35

adaptation

Question 36

kangaroo rat is found in

Answer 36

north american desert

Question 37

kangaroo rat adaptation:

Answer 37

fat oxidation for water, uric acid excretion

Question 38

xerophyte adaptation

Answer 38

thick cuticle, leaf modified into spine, scotopic stomata, advanced root system, phyllode

Question 39

allen's rule

Answer 39

polar animals have short ears and legs, blubber for fat insolation

Question 40

in high altitude, body compensates for low oxygen by

Answer 40

increasing RBC production, breathing rate and decreasing the binding affinity of hemoglobin

Question 41

archaebacteria adaptation

Answer 41

thermostable enzymes

Question 42

desert lizard adaptation

Answer 42

behavioural, bask in sun for heat and move to shade for cool

Question 43

population attributes

Answer 43

size, age ratio, sex ratio

Question 44

population is a group of organisms __

Answer 44

live together, use same resources and potentially interbreed

Question 45

factors affecting population density

Answer 45

natality, mortality, immigration, emigration

Question 46

population density equation

Answer 46

N(t+1) = N(t) + (B+I) - (D+E)

Question 47

exponential growth occurs when

Answer 47

resources are unlimited and population recognizes its innate ability to increase in size- darwin

Question 48

exponential growth equation

Answer 48

dN/dt = rN

Question 49

intrinsic rate of natural increase is r =

Answer 49

r = b-d (natality - mortality)

Question 50

norway rat intrinsic rate is

Answer 50

0.015

Question 51

flour beetle intrinsic rate is

Answer 51

0.12

Question 52

1981 indian population intrinsic rate is

Answer 52

0.0205

Question 53

logistic growth equation

Answer 53

dn/dt = rN (K-N/K)

Question 54

conduit for energy flow

Answer 54

predation

Question 55

reproduce once in life

Answer 55

bamboo, salmon

Question 56

reproduce many times

Answer 56

mammals

Question 57

large number of small sized offspring

Answer 57

oyster, pelagic fish

Question 58

____ in Australia introduced in 1920s spread across millions of hectares of rangeland, controlled by ___

Answer 58

prickly pear cactus, natural predator moth

Question 59

in north american pacific coast, starfish pisaster removed ____

Answer 59

killed 100 species of invertebrates due to competition

Question 60

example of predation

Answer 60

cactus, pisaster

Question 61

calotropis protection by

Answer 61

cardiac glycosides

Question 62

____- % of all insects are ___

Answer 62

25% phytophagous

Question 63

competition examples

Answer 63

flamingo and resident fish, abingdon tortoise and goat, balanus and chathalamus

Question 64

competitive exclusion by

Answer 64

gause

Question 65

connell's field experiment

Answer 65

balanus and chathalamus; competitive release

Question 66

mc arthur warbler

Answer 66

resource partitioning