P24 - Urinary Part 4 Flashcards
inherited abnormalities in renal tubular function (2)
- primary renal glucosuria
- Basenji dog Fanconi syndrome
what primary renal glucosuria and which breed is it common in
- reduced capacity of tubules to reabsorb glucose
- inherited disorder in Norwegian elkhounds
what causes Basenji dog Fanconi syndrome and what does it result in
- abnormal brush border membrane structure of proximal tubular epithelium -> reduced tubular absorptive function
acute tubular necrosis can be caused by nephrotoxicity (7 subcategories) and ischemia - list the 7
- nephrotoxic pigments
- heavy metals
- pharmaceutical agents
- fungal toxins
- plant toxins
- chemicals
- vitamins and minerals
- bacterial toxins
nephrotoxic pigments caused by (2)
- hemoglobinuric nephrosis
- myoglobinuric nephrosis
hemoglobinuric nephrosis caused by
- increased serum concentration of hemoglobin -> hemoglobinuria when renal threshold for resorption is exceeded
Hemoglobinuria occurs with hemolysis; name 4 causes and which species are effected by each
- copper toxicity - sheep
- leptospirosis or babesiosis - cow
- babesiosis or autoimmune hemolyic anemia - dog
- red maple toxicity - horses
myoglobinuric nephrosis caused by
- extensive acute muscle necrosis -> high serum concentration of myoglobin
pharmaceutical agents that can cause acute tubular necrosis (4)
- antimicrobials
- NSAIDs
- immunosuppressive drugs
- antineoplastic chemotherapeutics
NSAIDs pathogenesis in causing acute tubular necrosis
- decrease synthesis of renal prostaglandins -> renal vasoconstriction -> ischemic injury -> tubular degeneration and necrosis
aflatoxin is common fungal toxin located in
- common in feed contaminants (grain and dog food)
plant toxins that cause acute tubular necrosis (5)
- pigweed - pigs and cattle
- oxalate-rich plants
- grapes and raisins - dogs
- lilies - cats
- oak - ruminants & horses
oxalate rich plants can cause ____ _____ when calcium oxalates precipitate in renal tubules and form ____ crystals
- oxalate nephrosis
- oxalate crystals
ethylene glycol (antifreeze) can cause ____ nephrosis
- oxalate
pet food contaminants that artificially elevate protein content
- melamine and cyanuric acid
excessive dosage of what vitamin can cause acute tubular necrosis
- vitamin D
pathogenesis of excessive vitamin D intake
- leads to hypercalcemia -> metastatic mineralization of tubular and glomerular basement membranes followed by degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis and loss of function
pulpy kidney is a typical disease of small ruminants caused by
- bacterial toxins
bacterial toxins cause enteric proliferation of what with production of epsilon exotoxin
- Clostridium perfringens type D
diseases of renal pelvis (3)
- hydronephrosis
- pyelonephritis
- papillary necrosis
hydronephrosis is dilation of ___ due to ____ of urine outflow
- renal pelvis
- obstruction
pyelonephritis is caused by
- ascending bacterial infection leads to infection of renal pelvis with extension to renal tubules
exudate associated with pyelonephritis
- purulent exudate
papillary necrosis is ischemic injury caused by
- NSAIDs
