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Pathology I > P8 - Inflammation Part 3 > Flashcards

P8 - Inflammation Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

types of chemical mediators of inflammation (2)

A
  • cellular derived

- plasma derived

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2
Q

cellular derived chemical mediators of inflammation

A
  • pre-made released from cells after stimulation or lysis

- inflammatory cells, vascular endothelium, platelets

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3
Q

plasma derived chemical mediators of inflammation

A
  • soluble and interconnected cascade systems
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4
Q

types of cell-derived chemical mediators (4)

A
  • lipid mediators
  • vasoactive amines
  • cytokines and chemokines
  • lysosomal contents from phagocytic cells
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5
Q

arachidonic acid pathway (4)

A
  • COX-1
  • COX-2
  • leukotrienes
  • platelet activating factor (PAF)
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6
Q

COX-1 is expressed in, role and increased during

A
  • healthy animals
  • role in cytoprotection of mucosal cells and renal function
  • increased during inflammation
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7
Q

COX-2 is induced

A

secondary to inflammation

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8
Q

thromboxanes expressed during and cause

A
  • inflammation

- vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation

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9
Q

prostaglandins expressed during and cause

A
  • inflammation

- fever, pain, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis

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10
Q

NSAIDs inhibit

A
  • Cox 1 and Cox 2 enzymes

- given too long can decrease renal function and mucosal protection

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11
Q

leukotrienes associated with

A
  • hypersensitivities and allergies
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12
Q

leukotrienes cause (5)

A
  • smooth muscle contraction
  • vasodilation
  • leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis
  • mucous secretion
  • more potent than histamine but lass rapid response
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13
Q

most potent activator of vascular permeability

A

platelet activating factor

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14
Q

glucocorticosteroids inhibits

A
  • phospholipase A2
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15
Q

glucocorticosteroids cause (3)

A
  • prevent leukocyte adhesion
  • create immune suppression
  • decrease mucosal protection and renal function
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16
Q

vasoactive amines (3)

A
  • histamine
  • serotonin
  • nitric oxide
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17
Q

histamine is produced by (3)

A
  • mast cells
  • basophils
  • platelets
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18
Q

serotonin produced by

19
Q

nitric oxide secreted by

A
  • endothelial cells and macrophages
20
Q

nitric oxide causes

A
  • vasodilation and regulates recruitment of leukocytes to site of inflammation
  • reacts with oxygen radicals to produce reactive metabolites
21
Q

cytokine and chemokines produced by

A
  • many cells including WBCs, endothelial cells and fibroblasts
22
Q

important cytokines (4)

A
  • IL-1
  • TNF-alpha
  • INF-gamma
  • IL-10
23
Q

IL-1 cellular target (5)

A
  • fever
  • neutrophilia
  • activation of endothelial cells
  • activation of membrane phospholipase A2
  • stimulates acute phase proteins
24
Q

TNF-alpha cellular targets (4)

A
  • shock
  • activation of neutrophils
  • activation of endothelial cells
  • stimulates production of other cytokines
25
INF-gamma cellular targets (2)
- fosters shift from acute to chronic inflammation | - activates macrophages and lymphocytes
26
IL-10 cellular targets (1)
- immune suppression
27
important chemokines (4)
- IL-8 - Eotaxin - CCL1, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22 - monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
28
IL-8 cellular target
- neutrophils
29
eotaxin cellular target
- eosinophils
30
CCL1, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22 cellular target
- lymphocytes
31
monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 cellular target
- monocytes
32
lysosomal components (3)
- reactive oxygen metabolites (free radicals) - antimicrobial peptides - enzymes (proteases, esterases, nucleases)
33
lysosomal components reactive oxygen metabolites (free radicals) are highly reactive to
- pathogens and host cells
34
lysosomal components antimicrobial peptides include
- defensins (neutrophils) and major basic protein (eosinophils)
35
lysosomal components enzymes (proteases, esterases, neucleases) function
- break down of cellular structures
36
anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) role in inflammation
- mast cell degranulation - vascular changes (edema) - leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis
37
opsonization (C3b) role in inflammation
- enhanced phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages
38
role of complement in inflammation (4)
- anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) - opsonization (C3b) - membrane attack complex with cell lysis - removal of antibody-antigen complexes
39
kinin system results in (4)
- pain - vasodilation and increased vascular permeability - stimulates complement system - chemotaxis
40
fibrinolytic system degrades
- fibrin and blood clots
41
fibrinolytic system cleaves
- C3 - initiates complement system (initiate more clotting factors)
42
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- overactivity of inflammatory mediators cause widespread consumption of clotting factors along with microvasculature thrombosis
43
clinical relevance of link between inflammation and coagulation
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Pathology I (42 decks)

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