P34 - Alimentary Part 3

Question 1

2 types of bloat (ruminal tympany)

Answer 1

• primary tympany

- secondary tympany

Question 2

primary tympany due to

Answer 2

• legume bloat
• dietary bloat
• frothy bloat

Question 3

primary tympany typically occurs within ___ days of beginning new diet

Answer 3

• 3

Question 4

secondary tympany bloat also called

Answer 4

• free gas bloat

Question 5

physical and functional obstruction can cause what type of tympany

Answer 5

• secondary tympany

Question 6

damage in the vagal nerve can result in

Answer 6

• hypomotility
• pyloric stenosis
• tympany

Question 7

clinical signs of bloat

Answer 7

• abdominal distension
• reluctance to move and cessation of feeding
• signs of distress (anxiety and mobilization)
• respiratory distress
• staggering and recumbency (death occurs rapidly)

Question 8

mechanism of death for bloat

Answer 8

• suffocation

- cardio and respiratory failure

Question 9

gross lesions of bloat

Answer 9

• compression of lungs and liver
• diffusely pale liver
• bloat line

Question 10

bloat line

Answer 10

• congestion and hemorrhage of esophagus cranial to thoracic inlet
• abrupt line of pallor caudal to thoracic inlet

Question 11

trichobezoars

Answer 11

• hair balls

Question 12

phytobezoars

Answer 12

• plant balls

Question 13

traumatic reticulopericarditis also known as

Answer 13

• hardware disease

Question 14

ruminal lactic acidosis caused by

Answer 14

• grain overload
• rumen overload
• carbohydrate engorgement

Question 15

pathogenesis of ruminal lactic acidosis

Answer 15

• sudden change to carbohydrate-rich feed promotes growth of gram-positive bacteria
• fermentation of carbohydrate by gram (+) leads to lactic acid production (kills off normal bacteria)

Question 16

lactic acidosis and severe dehydration can lead to

Answer 16

• circulatory collapse and death

Question 17

what 2 things can occur secondary to lactic acidosis or traumatic injury to rumen mucosa

Answer 17

• bacterial rumenitis

- mycotic rumenitis

Question 18

abomasal displacement etiology is multifactorial (3)

Answer 18

• post parturient hypocalcemia and high volatile fatty acid concentration from heavy grain feeding
• gas production by microflora and gas accumulation
• abdominal organs in over the xiphoid process at abdominal ventral midline

Question 19

left or right abomasal displacement is most common

Answer 19

• left (85%)

Question 20

left abomasal displacement (LDA) typically seen in

Answer 20

• high-producing diary cattle during 6 weeks after parturition

Question 21

left or right abomasal displacement is more severe

Answer 21

• right

Question 22

why does abomasal displacement lead to metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

• net gain in bicarb

Question 23

abomasal dilation of calves normally due to

Answer 23

• husbandry issues

Question 24

where does gastric rupture typically occurs in horses

Answer 24

• along greater curvature

Question 25

dysautonomia in horses (grass sickness) can lead to

Answer 25

- gastric distension

Question 26

pyloric stenosis most commonly in

Answer 26

- brachycephalic dogs, siamese cats, horses, humans

Question 27

perforating ulcer

Answer 27

- penetration through remaining tissue layers and into peritoneal cavity

Question 28

common areas for ulcers (2)

Answer 28

- right dorsal colon | - stomach

Question 29

tumors that produce gastrin and histamine may increase ___ production leading to ___

Answer 29

- HCl | - ulcers

Question 30

gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV) occurs most commonly in

Answer 30

- large breeds | - deep-chested dogs

Question 31

how does GDV lead to death due to cardiovascular shock

Answer 31

- pancreatic ischemia leads to release of myocardial depressant factor from pancreas which causes reduction of myocardial contractility

Question 32

uremic gastritis typically results in

Answer 32

- mineralization and ulceration of gastric mucosa

Question 33

uremic gastritis tissue damage by 2 mechanisms

Answer 33

- uremic vasculopahty | - uremic toxicity

Question 34

affected breeds of uremic gastritis

Answer 34

- basenji - beagle - boxer - bull terrier

Question 35

uremic gastritis characterized by

Answer 35

- diffuse thickening of gastric mucosa

Question 36

giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy should not be confused with

Answer 36

- chronic hypertrophic gastropathy of basenji dogs

Question 37

giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy lesion

Answer 37

- formation of hypertrophic mass at pylorus -> leads to pyloric obstruction

Question 38

gastric and abomasal neoplasia common in horses that arises from non-glandular portion of stomach

Answer 38

- squamous cell carcinoma

Question 39

lymphoma in cattle predilection sites (3)

Answer 39

- abomasum - uterus - right atrium