P23 - Urinary Part 3 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in P23 - Urinary Part 3 Deck (25)
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1
Q

where do ureters enter the bladder

A
  • obliquely at the trigone
2
Q

lower urinary tract portals of entry (3)

A
  • ascending infection
  • direct penetration from lumen
  • direct penetration from abdomen (cystocentesis)
3
Q

defense mechanisms of the lower urinary tract (5)

A
  • flushing action of urine reduces risk of ascending infection
  • peristalsis acts to eliminate bacteria
  • slightly acidic urine reduces growth of some bacteria
  • protective urethral mucus layer reduces bacterial adhesion
  • innate and adaptive immune responses
4
Q

development abnormalities of the kidneys (5)

A
  • renal aplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia
  • ectopic kidney
  • fused kidneys
  • renal cysts
  • polycystic kidney
5
Q

renal aplasia, hypoplasia and dysplasia

A
  • aplasia - growth that never happened
  • hypoplasia - growth that never reached normal potential
  • dysplasia - abnormal development
6
Q

a specific form of renal dysplasia is

A
  • juvenile progressive nephropathy
7
Q

juvenile progressive nephropathy is an inherited disease of what breeds (3)

A
  • Lhasa Apso
  • Shih Tzu
  • Golden retriever
8
Q

ectopic kidney

A
  • abnormal migration of renal tissue during fetal development
  • usually just involves 1 kidney
9
Q

fused kidenys

A
  • horseshoe kidney
  • fusion during nephrogenesis
  • 1 large kidney with 2 ureters
  • usually maintains normal function
10
Q

renal cysts (common in what species; results from what)

A
  • spherical, thin-walled distended tubules filled with clear watery fluid
  • common in pigs and cattle
  • results from tubular obstruction or tubular dysplasia
11
Q

polycystic kidney defined as

A
  • many renal cysts affecting numerous nephrons

- may be inherited and may be accompanied by cystic biliary disease

12
Q

polycystic kidney disease is an inherited autosomal dominant trait in (2)

A
  • persian cats

- bull terriers

13
Q

pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease

A
  • mutations in one or multiple genes (PKD-1 and/or PKD-2) resulting in abnormal tubulogenesis
14
Q

what is the most common glomerular disease of dogs and cats

A
  • immune complex glomerulonephritis
15
Q

diseases of the glomerulus (6)

A
  • immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
  • glomerulosclerosis
  • glomerular amyloidosis
  • acute suppurative glomerulitis
  • viral glomerulitis
  • chemical glomerulitis
16
Q

immune complex glomerulonephritis is associated with ____ infections that enhances formation of abundant soluble immune complexes in blood plasma

A
  • persistent

- is due to antigen in blood

17
Q

immune complex glomerulonephritis occurs most commonly in what species (2)

A
  • dogs

- cats

18
Q

gross lesions of immune complex glomerulonephritis

A
  • subtle or non-existent

- may see swollen, enlarged glomeruli as red or pin-point foci in cortex (deposition of fibrin)

19
Q

glomerulosclerosis (GS) is a condition of ____ and _ _ _ and also associated with high __ __ and unrestricted dietary ___

A
  • aging
  • chronic renal injury
  • blood pressure
  • protein
20
Q

glomerular amyloidosis is common in what breeds (2)

A
  • abyssinian cats

- Shar-Pei

21
Q

glomerular amyloidosis is typically associated with what that occurs with chronic inflammatory diseases

A
  • reactive systemic amyloidosis (AA amyloidosis)
22
Q

T/F: amyloidosis is common cause of proteinuria and protein losing nephropathy

A
  • true
23
Q

microscopic lesions of glomerular amyloidosis

A
  • deposition of amyloid protein within glomerular tufts

- congo red stain

24
Q

acute suppurative glomerulitis is also known as

A
  • bacterial embolic nephritis
25
Q

acute suppurative glomerulitis causes what kind of pattern on the kidney

A
  • multiple, randomly distributed foci of suppurative inflammation