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Pathology I > P7 - Inflammation Part 2 > Flashcards

P7 - Inflammation Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

granulocytes (4)

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
  • mast cells
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2
Q

mononuclear cells (2)

A
  • monocytes/macrophages

- lymphocytes

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3
Q

where are neutrophils produced

A
  • bone marrow
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4
Q

do neutrophils respond early or late to infection

A
  • early
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5
Q

how do neutrophils kill pathogens

A
  • phagocytosis
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6
Q

neutrophils primary granules (3)

A
  • myeloperoxidase
  • defensins
  • neutral proteases
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7
Q

neutrophils secondary granules (4)

A
  • lactoferrin
  • collagenase
  • plasminogen activator
  • histamine
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8
Q

role of neutrophil granules (2)

A
  • intracellular killing

- extracellular degranulation

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9
Q

neutrophil extracellular traps composed of

A
  • neutrophil granule proteins and DNA that trap and likely kill pathogens
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10
Q

where are eosinophils produced

A
  • bone marrow
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11
Q

what type of diseases are eosinophils most often associated with (2)

A
  • hypersensitivities

- parasites

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12
Q

how do eosinophils eliminate pathogens

A
  • degranulate
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13
Q

parts of eosinophils degranulation (3)

A
  • major basic protein
  • phosphates
  • proteases
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14
Q

presentations of feline eosinophilic lesions

A
  • eosinophilic plaques
  • eosinophilic (linear) granulomas
  • eosinophilic (indolent, rate) ulcer
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15
Q

eosinophilic plaques features (4)

A
  • round to ovoid
  • single to multiple
  • very pruritic
  • mostly seen on trunk
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16
Q

eosinophilic (linear) granulomas features (3)

A
  • linear
  • elevated lesions
  • often on thigh
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17
Q

eosinophilic (indolent, rat) ulcer features (3)

A
  • round to ovoid
  • ulcerated
  • on lips
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18
Q

eosinophilic granuloma of dogs is more prevalent in

A
  • male dogs

- huskies and spaniels

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19
Q

eosinophilic granuloma of dogs form

A
  • oral

- cutaneous also seen

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20
Q

equine collagenolytic granulmos features

A
  • gray-white nodules

- in saddle area

21
Q

eosinophilic myositis in dogs name and feature

A
  • eosinophilic masticatory myositis

- temporalis and masseter muscles contain type 2M myosin -> targeted by antibodies

22
Q

eosinophilic myositis in sheep and cattle features

A
  • infiltration of skeletal and cardiac muscle with eosinophils
  • can cause sudden death depending on tissue and severity
23
Q

basophils and mast cells prevalence in blood compared to other leukocytes

A
  • no as common
24
Q

basophils location

25
mast cells location
- tissues
26
how to basophils and mast cells contribute to the inflammatory process (2)
- degranulation | - release histamine and heparin
27
types of lymphocytes (3)
- T-lymphocytes - B-lymphocytes - NK cells
28
Lymphocytes associated with cell mediated immunity during inflammation
- T-lymphocytes
29
lymphocytes associated with immunoglobulins during inflammation
- B- lymphocytes
30
lymphocytes associated with killing during inflammation
- NK cells
31
T-cell sub-types (2)
- cytotoxic T-cells (CD8/MHC I) | - T-helper cells (CD4/MHC II)
32
T-cell killing pathogenesis
- make contact with target - release cytotoxins -> protease cascade within cell - programmed cell death (apoptosis)
33
T-cell timeframe and inciting cause
- long timeframe - usually on second time infection - inciting cause cell mediated (antigen within cell); viruses
34
main function of plasma cells (B-Cells)
- immunoglobulin production
35
- immunoglobulin that is blood and provides longest protection
IgG
36
immunoglobulin that is the first antibody secreted
IgM
37
immunoglobulin that found primarily in secretions from mucous membranes
IgA
38
immunoglobulin that attaches to basophils and mast cells | - hypersensitivities and parasites
IgE
39
immunoglobulin that acts as receptors on B-cells
IgD
40
NK cells secrete
- perforin and granzyme
41
Roles of macrophages in inflammation (3)
- phagocytosis - antigen presentation - iron sequestren
42
why are multinucleated giant cells formed
- when a particle is difficult to phagocytose
43
permanent macrophages in liver
- kuppfer cell
44
permanent macrophages in epidermis
- langerhans cells
45
permanent macrophages in brain
- microglial cells
46
permanent macrophages in placenta
- hofbauer cells
47
permanent macrophages in bone
- osteoclasts
48
what does it mean when there are a lot of macrophages responding to a pathogen
- timeframe is late chronic | - body having a hard time eliminating the cause

Pathology I (42 decks)

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