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Pathology I > P7 - Inflammation Part 2 > Flashcards

P7 - Inflammation Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

granulocytes (4)

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
  • mast cells
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2
Q

mononuclear cells (2)

A
  • monocytes/macrophages

- lymphocytes

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3
Q

where are neutrophils produced

A
  • bone marrow
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4
Q

do neutrophils respond early or late to infection

A
  • early
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5
Q

how do neutrophils kill pathogens

A
  • phagocytosis
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6
Q

neutrophils primary granules (3)

A
  • myeloperoxidase
  • defensins
  • neutral proteases
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7
Q

neutrophils secondary granules (4)

A
  • lactoferrin
  • collagenase
  • plasminogen activator
  • histamine
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8
Q

role of neutrophil granules (2)

A
  • intracellular killing

- extracellular degranulation

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9
Q

neutrophil extracellular traps composed of

A
  • neutrophil granule proteins and DNA that trap and likely kill pathogens
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10
Q

where are eosinophils produced

A
  • bone marrow
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11
Q

what type of diseases are eosinophils most often associated with (2)

A
  • hypersensitivities

- parasites

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12
Q

how do eosinophils eliminate pathogens

A
  • degranulate
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13
Q

parts of eosinophils degranulation (3)

A
  • major basic protein
  • phosphates
  • proteases
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14
Q

presentations of feline eosinophilic lesions

A
  • eosinophilic plaques
  • eosinophilic (linear) granulomas
  • eosinophilic (indolent, rate) ulcer
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15
Q

eosinophilic plaques features (4)

A
  • round to ovoid
  • single to multiple
  • very pruritic
  • mostly seen on trunk
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16
Q

eosinophilic (linear) granulomas features (3)

A
  • linear
  • elevated lesions
  • often on thigh
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17
Q

eosinophilic (indolent, rat) ulcer features (3)

A
  • round to ovoid
  • ulcerated
  • on lips
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18
Q

eosinophilic granuloma of dogs is more prevalent in

A
  • male dogs

- huskies and spaniels

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19
Q

eosinophilic granuloma of dogs form

A
  • oral

- cutaneous also seen

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20
Q

equine collagenolytic granulmos features

A
  • gray-white nodules

- in saddle area

21
Q

eosinophilic myositis in dogs name and feature

A
  • eosinophilic masticatory myositis

- temporalis and masseter muscles contain type 2M myosin -> targeted by antibodies

22
Q

eosinophilic myositis in sheep and cattle features

A
  • infiltration of skeletal and cardiac muscle with eosinophils
  • can cause sudden death depending on tissue and severity
23
Q

basophils and mast cells prevalence in blood compared to other leukocytes

A
  • no as common
24
Q

basophils location

A
  • in blood
25
Q

mast cells location

A
  • tissues
26
Q

how to basophils and mast cells contribute to the inflammatory process (2)

A
  • degranulation

- release histamine and heparin

27
Q

types of lymphocytes (3)

A
  • T-lymphocytes
  • B-lymphocytes
  • NK cells
28
Q

Lymphocytes associated with cell mediated immunity during inflammation

A
  • T-lymphocytes
29
Q

lymphocytes associated with immunoglobulins during inflammation

A
  • B- lymphocytes
30
Q

lymphocytes associated with killing during inflammation

A
  • NK cells
31
Q

T-cell sub-types (2)

A
  • cytotoxic T-cells (CD8/MHC I)

- T-helper cells (CD4/MHC II)

32
Q

T-cell killing pathogenesis

A
  • make contact with target
  • release cytotoxins -> protease cascade within cell
  • programmed cell death (apoptosis)
33
Q

T-cell timeframe and inciting cause

A
  • long timeframe
  • usually on second time infection
  • inciting cause cell mediated (antigen within cell); viruses
34
Q

main function of plasma cells (B-Cells)

A
  • immunoglobulin production
35
Q
  • immunoglobulin that is blood and provides longest protection
A

IgG

36
Q

immunoglobulin that is the first antibody secreted

A

IgM

37
Q

immunoglobulin that found primarily in secretions from mucous membranes

A

IgA

38
Q

immunoglobulin that attaches to basophils and mast cells

- hypersensitivities and parasites

A

IgE

39
Q

immunoglobulin that acts as receptors on B-cells

A

IgD

40
Q

NK cells secrete

A
  • perforin and granzyme
41
Q

Roles of macrophages in inflammation (3)

A
  • phagocytosis
  • antigen presentation
  • iron sequestren
42
Q

why are multinucleated giant cells formed

A
  • when a particle is difficult to phagocytose
43
Q

permanent macrophages in liver

A
  • kuppfer cell
44
Q

permanent macrophages in epidermis

A
  • langerhans cells
45
Q

permanent macrophages in brain

A
  • microglial cells
46
Q

permanent macrophages in placenta

A
  • hofbauer cells
47
Q

permanent macrophages in bone

A
  • osteoclasts
48
Q

what does it mean when there are a lot of macrophages responding to a pathogen

A
  • timeframe is late chronic

- body having a hard time eliminating the cause

Pathology I (42 decks)

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