paeds

Question 1

difference in diagnosis of asthma in adults and children

Answer 1

adults: bronchoreversibilty and FeNO. children: bronchoreversibility and spirometry

Question 2

What are the four steps in management of asthma

Answer 2

1) SABA, 2) ICS 3) ICS with LTRA under 5 years and LAMA over 5 years 4) theophyilline

Question 3

If a child has symptoms three times a week or night waking what is the next step

Answer 3

prescribe ICS

Question 4

When do you add LTRA

Answer 4

when using 200-400mg of ICS

Question 5

What is the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis

Answer 5

autosomal recessive

Question 6

What is the treatment for menconium ileus in neonates

Answer 6

gastrogaffin enema

Question 7

recurrent chest infections, salty sweat, malabsorption and failure to thrive

Answer 7

cystic fibrosis

Question 8

What do give in CF to thin mucus

Answer 8

dornase alfa

Question 9

Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in children

Answer 9

sweat test and raised trypsinogen levels

Question 10

treatment of CF in absorption

Answer 10

creon

Question 11

diet advice for CF

Answer 11

high calorie, high fat with pancreatic enzyme replacement with every meal

Question 12

most common cause of tonsilitis

Answer 12

strep pneumoniae

Question 13

Contents of the CENTOR criteria

Answer 13

1) tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
2) no cough
3) fever over 38 C
4) bacterial pus exudate

Question 14

Treatment if Centor criteria is 3-4

Answer 14

penicillin V for 5 days or amoxcillin/erythromycin

Question 15

when would you do a tonsilectomy

Answer 15

four infections a year within three years

Question 16

Which is defined a drop in weight in the 9th decile

Answer 16

drop in one centile or more

Question 17

Which is defined a drop in weight in the 9th- 91st decile

Answer 17

drop in 2 centiles or more

Question 18

Which is defined a drop in weight above the 91st decile

Answer 18

drops in three centiles or more

Question 19

flat nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, single palm creases, small ears, hearing loss, recurrent ear infections

Answer 19

downs syndrome

Question 20

What is the chromosome at fault in downs

Answer 20

trisomy 21

Question 21

prader-wili chromosome

Answer 21

18

Question 22

short stature, low IQ, obese, excessive overeating, clenched fists and overlapping fingers

Answer 22

prader wili syndrome

Question 23

cat cry, intellectual disability, wide spaced eyes, hypotonia and single palmar creases

Answer 23

cri-du-chat

Question 24

what happens in cri-du-chat syndrome

Answer 24

deletion of P chromosome from chromosome 5

Question 25

cardiac defects, extra fingers, hypotonia small eyes

Answer 25

patau syndrome

Question 26

which chromosome is at fault in patau syndrome

Answer 26

13

Question 27

most common mechanism that leads to down's syndrome

Answer 27

genetic non-disjunction

Question 28

increased risk of which cardiac abnormality in downs syndrome

Answer 28

atrial septal defect and increased risk of snoring

Question 29

association between AFP and downs syndrome

Answer 29

increased AFP with lower risk

Question 30

when are pregnant women screened for downs, patau and prader wili

Answer 30

10-14 weeks

Question 31

demarcated itchy red plaques sparing the nappy region on flexors

Answer 31

atophic dermatitis

Question 32

diagnosis for atophic dermatitis

Answer 32

itchy red plaques with atleast 3/5: history of itchy skin, history of flexural eczema, history of atopic tendency, visible flexural eczema and osnet below 2 years and on cheek before 18 months

Question 33

features of conjunctivitis

Answer 33

red itchy eye, photophobia, excessive lacrimation and serous discharge not vision impairment

Question 34

three types of conjunctivitis

Answer 34

allergic, viral and bacterial

Question 35

which type of conjunctivitis is contagious

Answer 35

viral

Question 36

Which type of conjunctivitis has eyelids feeling stuck together in the morning

Answer 36

bacterial

Question 37

management of allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 37

conservative, artificial tears and antihistamines

Question 38

management of viral conjunctivitis

Answer 38

conservative, artificial tears and avoid sharing towels for 2 weeks

Question 39

management of bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 39

conservative, artifical tears and chloramphenicol if severe

Question 40

influenza vaccine in children with severe asthma

Answer 40

do not give nasal spray give IM as on oral steroids

Question 41

auer rods on blood film

Answer 41

AML

Question 42

blast cells on blood film

Answer 42

ALL

Question 43

smudge cells on blood film

Answer 43

CLL.

Question 44

interrupted aortic arch and cleft palate

Answer 44

digeorege syndrome

Question 45

absence of a cardiac murmur, pes cavus foot deformity, motor weakness and scoliosis

Answer 45

frederick's ataxia

Question 46

inheritance of fredericks ataxia

Answer 46

autosomal recessive

Question 47

10% of patients with hypospadias also have

Answer 47

cryptorchidism