Surgery

Question 1

What are the risk factors for acute pancreatitis

Answer 1

GET SMASHED- galstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpion, hypocalcaemia, hyperglycaemia, ERCP and drugs

Question 2

What does FAT SHEEP stand for

Answer 2

furosemide, aziathioprine, thiazide like diuretics, statins, hydrochloroquine, ethanol, estrogen and protease inhibitors

Question 3

Where would you see grey turners sign

Answer 3

flank discolouration in acute pancreatitis

Question 4

What is a glue ear

Answer 4

bilateral middle ear effusion with deafness

Question 5

first and second line treatment for glue ear

Answer 5

2-9 days with amoxicillin and if this doesnt work use grommets

Question 6

surgery for upper rectum tumours

Answer 6

anterior resection

Question 7

surgery for lower rectum tumours

Answer 7

abdo-perineal excision of the rectum

Question 8

what is hartmanns for

Answer 8

rectosigmoid tumour and closure of anorectal stump 6-12 months between both surgeries

Question 9

what is hartmanns for

Answer 9

rectosigmoid tumour and closure of anorectal stump

Question 10

treatment for chlamydia during pregnancy

Answer 10

erythromycin, azithromycin and amoxicillin

Question 11

when would you need a HBIG and a booster

Answer 11

if you haven been previously vaccinated but are a non-responder as anti-HB is less than 10

Question 12

which organism in spain causes dry cough, bradycardia and hyponatraemia

Answer 12

legionella pneumophillia

Question 13

what is the parkland formula

Answer 13

the formula that states the amount of hartmann’s solution required in the first 24 hours of a burns injury:
4ml x %body surface area with burns x weight-ml

Question 14

difference in symptoms between acute cholangitis and acute cholecystitis

Answer 14

cholangitis will present with jaundice

Question 15

which virus leads to subconjunctival surffusion

Answer 15

leptospirosis

Question 16

acute management of acute limb ischaemia

Answer 16

analgesia, IV heparin and vascular review

Question 17

fever and left lower quadrant pain in a elderly patient

Answer 17

diverticulitis

Question 18

local complication of gonorrhea

Answer 18

urethral stricture

Question 19

why is gastrogaffin preferred compared to barium

Answer 19

less toxic if it leaks into the abdomen

Question 20

what is primary syphilis associated with

Answer 20

painless ulceration at the site of sexual contact and non-tender lymphadenopathy

Question 21

risk factors for galstones

Answer 21

diabetes mellitus, COCP, crohns disease and rapid weight loss

Question 22

how to differentiate between inguinal and femoral hernias

Answer 22

inguinal is superomedial to the pubic tubercle, femoral is inferomedial to the pubic tubercle

Question 23

relative fever with bradycardia can suggest what?

Answer 23

typhoid fever

Question 24

which drug can cause drug-induced pancreatitis

Answer 24

mesalazine

Question 25

difference between NAAT and microscopy swab

Answer 25

NAAT: genital herpes microscopy is for bacterial vaginosis and trichimoniasis

Question 26

predictor for severity in acute pancreatitis

Answer 26

hypocalcaemia even though hypercalcaemia causes it

Question 27

first and second line treatment in BPH

Answer 27

first: alpha-1-antagonist: tamsulosin, second: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor

Question 28

difference between direct and indirect hernia

Answer 28

when pressing down- indirect disappears but direct still protrudes

Question 29

what can cause contrast based nephropathy

Answer 29

iodine based CT for acute diverticulitis

Question 30

What do we give to prevent contrast based nephropathy

Answer 30

volume expansion with 0.9% saline/ sodium chloride