resp

Question 1

what is cpap and bipap used for

Answer 1

cpap is for type 1 respiratory failure and bipap is for 2

Question 2

What symptom differentiates bronchiectasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asbestosis

Answer 2

bronchiectasis is the only one with a productive cough

Question 3

most common causes of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on the CXR

Answer 3

TB and sarcoidosis

Question 4

what differentiates a transudate from an exudate

Answer 4

exudate if the the pleural LDH is great er 2/3 of the upper limit of the serum LDH

Question 5

how does sarcoidosis present

Answer 5

hypercalcaemia, facial rash, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Question 6

what is the first line treatment for asymptomatic sarcoidosis

Answer 6

no treatment

Question 7

What is the first line treatment for symptomatic sarcoidosis

Answer 7

oral prednisolone

Question 8

what has a ENT, respiratory and kidney symptoms. blocked nose, rash and breathlessness

Answer 8

chronic granulomatous with polyangitis

Question 9

What is the tissue in the nasopharynx and respiratory tract and in the oropharynx

Answer 9

naso: columnar cilliated epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

Which has ciliated columnar type epithelium, false or true chord

Answer 10

false chord

Question 11

Which part of the respiratory tract has no cartilage or glands

Answer 11

bronchiole- only a ring of smooth muscle

Question 12

What is the most important factor when placing a chest tube in a pneumonia

Answer 12

pH of the pleural fluid

Question 13

When can anti-trypsin 1 deficiency be diagnosed, where is it made. normal age on diagnosis. test for diagnosis

Answer 13

can be diagnosed pre-natally, made in the liver, 20-50 and blood test can diagnose it

Question 14

how does ectopic ACTH from lung cancer present

Answer 14

hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypokalaemia and proximal muscle weakness

Question 15

which type of cancer does has a paraneoplastic syndrome of ectopic ACTH secretion

Answer 15

small cell lung cnacer not squamous

Question 16

which type of cancer has a paraneoplastic syndrome of peptide related PTH syndrome

Answer 16

squamous cell lung cancer

Question 17

mechanism of lamatrugone

Answer 17

it inserts more CFTR channels for cystic fibrosis

Question 18

what is the lying position for ARDS

Answer 18

lying supine with their head facing down

Question 19

What is bedesonide

Answer 19

inhaled corticosteroid

Question 20

difference between severe and life threatening asthma

Answer 20

both severe and life threatening; is inability to complete sentences but life-threatening has normal PaCO2

Question 21

in which conditions would the TLCO be raised

Answer 21

1) asthma
2) left to right cardiac shunts
3) male gender and exercise
4) pulmonary haemorrhage
5) polycythaemia

Question 22

in which conditions would TLCO be reduced

Answer 22

1) pulmonary oedema
2) pulmonary fibrosis
3) pulmonary emboli
4) pneumonia
5) emphysema
6) anaemia

Question 23

what is a blood test to confirm lung cancer

Question 24

What is the management for COPD patients with frequent exacerbations in the past year and an FEV1 less than 70%

Answer 24

aziathromycin prophylaxis

Question 25

what presents as egg-shell calcification in the hilar nodes

Answer 25

silicosis

Question 26

which part of the lungs would be affected in silicosis

Answer 26

upper zones of the lung

Question 27

which part of the lung would be affected in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 27

lower zones of the lung

Question 28

first line smoking cessation advice in pregnancy and what is contraindicated

Answer 28

1st line: nicotine replacment therapy, contraindication: bupropion and varenicline

Question 29

how do you treat an empyema

Answer 29

you would insert a chest drain immediately and commence antibiotic therapy

Question 30

adverse effect for clozapine

Answer 30

agranulocytosis do a blood test before giving antibiotics

Question 31

what is the a paraneoplastic syndrome of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 31

hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy which leads to clubbing and small swelling in joints

Question 32

what is a paraneoplastic syndrome in small cell carcinoma

Answer 32

lambert-eaton syndrome

Question 33

a type of organism that causes pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics

Answer 33

klebsiella

Question 34

What are the factors in assessing the factors in long term oxygen therapy

Answer 34

1) FEV/FVC: less than 30% 2) peripherally oedema 3) raised jugular venous pressure 4) polycythaemia 5) oxygen states less than or equal to 92%

Question 35

what is the recommendation to vaccination in those with COPD

Answer 35

annual influenza and one off pneumonoccoal vaccine

Question 36

when is asthma worse- after taking what medication

Answer 36

aspirin

Question 37

what do you do in 5-16 year old with suspected asthma if spirometry is normal

Answer 37

FeNO

Question 37

what do you do in 5-16 year old with suspected asthma if spirometry is normal

Answer 37

FeNO

Question 38

investigation after pneumonia

Answer 38

cxr after 6 weeks

Question 39

diagnostic test for PE in pregnant, renal impairment or contrast allergy patients

Answer 39

V/Q scan

Question 40

difference between acute and chronic type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 40

chronic will have a normal or close to normal pH with an slightly elevated bicarbonate

Question 41

dilated bronchi with thickened walls in the lower zones.

Answer 41

bronchietasis

Question 42

most common microorganism that causes infective exacerbations of broncheictasis

Answer 42

H. influenzae

Question 43

which pleural will the chest drain for a pneumothorax penetrate

Answer 43

parietal but not visceral

Question 44

pneumonia that causes more sudden symptoms

Answer 44

strep pneumoniae

Question 45

pneumonia that can cause severe hyponatraemia

Answer 45

legionella pneumoniae

Question 46

paraneoplastic syndrome of small cell lung cancer

Answer 46

SCLC: SIADH, ACTH cushings, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Cerebellar ataxia

Question 47

difference between myasthenia gravis and lambert eaton syndrome

Answer 47

lambert eaton: has an ascending pattern of weakness and myasthenia gravis: descending pattern of weakness

Question 48

how would a massive PE differ from a non- massive PE

Answer 48

massive PE has hypotension systolic less than 90 and diastolic less than 40 for 15 mins