PAPER 1 - Injury Prevention Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
What are ACUTE INJURIES ?
A
sudden injury associated w/a traumatic event
2
Q
ACUTE INJURIES : EXAMPLE
A
- fractured metatarsal from kicking football
3
Q
What are CHRONIC INJURIES ?
A
slowly developed injury associated w/overuse
4
Q
What are HARD TISSUE INJURIES ?
A
- damage to the bone, joint or cartilage
5
Q
What are SOFT TISSUE INJURIES ?
A
- damage to the skin, muscle, tendon or ligament
6
Q
What are the two types of acute HARD TISSUE INJURIES?
A
- fractures
- dislocations
7
Q
What is a FRACTURE ?
A
- PARTIAL or COMPLETE break in the bone
8
Q
What are the 7 other types of FRACTURES ?
A
- greenstick
- transverse
- oblique
- spiral
- comminuted
- impacted
- avulsion
9
Q
What is a DISLOCATION ?
A
- DISPLACEMENT of one bone from another out of their ORIGINAL POSITION
10
Q
DISLOCATION : CAUSE
A
direct /indirect force pushes joint past extreme RoM
11
Q
DISLOCATION : SYMPTOMS
A
- ‘Pop’ feeling
- loss of movement
12
Q
What is a SUBLUXATION ?
A
- partial dislocation
13
Q
What are the acute SOFT TISSUE INJURIES?
A
- contusions/haematoma
- sprain
- strain
- abrasion
- blister
14
Q
What are CONTUSIONS ?
A
- ruptured blood vessels in skin or tissue
15
Q
What is a RUPTURE ?
A
COMPLETE TEAR of a muscle,
tendon or ligaments
16
Q
What is HAEMATOMA ?
A
localised CONGEALED bleeding as a result of ruptured blood vessels
17
Q
What is a SPRAIN ?
A
- OVERSTRETCH/tear in LIGAMENTS
connect bone to bone
18
Q
SPRAIN : CAUSES
A
- sudden twist/impact / fall beyond RoM
19
Q
SPRAIN : SYMPTOMS
A
- Inability to bear weight
- pain
20
Q
What is a STRAIN ?
A
OVERSTRETCH/tear in the MUSCLE/TENDON
21
Q
STRAIN : CAUSE
A
overstretching a muscle
22
Q
STRAIN : EXAMPLE
A
badminton - lunging for drop shot
23
Q
STRAIN : SYMPTOMS
A
- pain on movement
24
Q
What is an ABRASION ?
A
- SUPERFICIAL DAMAGE to SKIN
- caused by scraping against surface
25
ABRASION : EXAMPLE
- falling on athletics track
26
What is the technical term for cut ?
laceration
27
What is CONCUSSION ?
traumatic BRAIN INJURY causing disturbance of BRAIN FUNCTION
28
Signs of a concussion
- balance problems
- unconsciousness
29
CONCUSSION : CAUSES
- direct hit to head
30
What is OSTEOARTHRITIS ?
- DEGENERATION of ARTICULAR CARTILAGE from bone surfaces, causing pain + restricted movement
31
CHRONIC INJURIES : EXAMPLE
- stress fracture, basketball
32
What is the only chronic HARD TISSUE INJURY?
- stress fractures
33
What is a STRESS FRACTURE ?
TINY CRACK in a bone surface caused by overuse
34
2 sports that STRESS FRACTURES are common in ?
- distance running
- basketball
35
What are the types of chronic SOFT TISSUE INJURIES?
- shin splints
- tendinosis
36
What are SHIN SPLINTS ?
- SHIN PAIN due to inflammed muscles + stress on TENDON ATTACHMENTS to tibia surface
37
What is the most common form of SHIN SPLINTS ?
medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)
38
What is TEDINOSIS ?
DETERIORATION of a TENDON caused by chronic overuse + repetitive strain
39
What are the two types of TEDINOSIS ?
- achilles tendinosis
- tennis elbow
40
What is ACHILLES TENDINOSIS ?
tendinosis in heel
41
What is TENNIS ELBOW ?
tendinosis in the forearm
42
TENDINOSIS : SYMPTOMS
- limited movement/stiffness
43
What are the two classifications of RISK FACTORS ?
- intrinsic risk factors
- extrinsic risk factors
44
What are INTRINSIC RISK FACTORS ?
- risks of force from WITHIN the body
45
2 types of INTRINSIC RISK FACTORS?
- Individual Variables
- Training Effects
46
What are EXTRINSIC RISK FACTORS ?
risks of force from OUTSIDE the body
47
What are the 4 EXTRINSIC RISK FACTORS ?
- poor technique
- incorrect equipment
- inadequate training variance
- No warm up /cool down
48
What are Non-Steroid Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) ?
- Medication to reduce inflammation, temp. or pain following injury
49
What are the three main treatment methods?
- NSAIDs
- Physiotherapy
- Surgery
50
Define Physiotherapy
Treatment of injuries + disease using physical methods
51
2 signs of a fracture
- Deformity
- Swelling
52
2 symptoms of a fracture
- Pain
- Unable to move injured area
53
3 types of dislocation
- Normal
- Anterior
- Posterior
54
Signs of Contusion/Haematoma
- Swelling + Discolouration
55
Symptoms of Contusion/Haematoma
- Pain (at touch in a minor case)
56
signs of a sprain
- Swelling + Bruising
57
signs of strain
- swelling
- bruising
58
Example of sprain
- rolled ankle in basketball
59
Symptoms of concussion
- Dizziness
- Nasuea
60
What is a blister?
- separated layers of skin, forming fluid pockets
- caused by friction
61
Key Features of a warm up
- 20-45m
- Gradually increasing intensity
- Avoids Static Stretching
62
Key features of a cool down
- 20-30m
- Gradually decreasing intensity
- Several stages
63
2 uses of warm up
- Prepares body physyiologically
- Minimises injury risk
64
3 uses of cool down
- Maintaining HR
- LA Removal
- Aids healing process
65
6 Rs
- Recognise
- Remove
- Refer
- Rest
- Recover
- Return
66
When should PRICE be used ?
Soft-Tissue Injuries
67
When should SALTAPS Be used?
In the event of a sporting accident
68
Define Rehabilitation
- restoring full function after an injury
69
2 treatments for simple fractures
- NSAIDS
- Physiotherapy
70
2 treatments for stress fractures + Dislocations
- PRICE
- Immobilisation
71
2 Treatments for Sprains
- Heat Therapy
- Contrast Therapy
72
Define Heat Therapy
Applying heat to an area before training for therapeutic effect
| Increases blood flow
73
Define Contrast Therapy
- Alternating heat + cold for therapeutic effect
| Increased blood flow
74
Treatments for Torn Cartilage
- PRICE
- Arthroscopy
75
2 treatments for exercise-Induced muscle damage
- Cold Therapy
- Massage + stretching techniques
76
Define Arthroscopy
- Procedure to examine + repair damage within a joint
77
Define Massage
- used for injury prevention + soft-tissue injury
78
Define Cold Therapy/Cryotherapy
- Applying ice to injury/post-exercise for therapeutic effect
| Reduced swelling
79
Recognise
- Coaches should be aware of concussive symptoms
80
Remove
- Player with suspected concussion from field of play
81
Refer
- To a qualified healthcare professional
82
Rest
- until free of symptoms
83
Recover
- and be symptom free before returning
84
Return
- Once cleared by qualified pro
85
What are the 6 R's used for
Concussions
86
2 debates about a warm up
- Static stretching has no effect on injury prevention
- Reduces O2 consumption by 50% in muscles
87
4 Intrinsic Individual Variables
- Previous Injury
- Age
- Nutrition
- Poor Preparation
88
3 Intrinsic Training Effects
- Posture + alignment issues
- Inadequate fitness levels
- Inappropriate flexibility level
89
Stop
| SALTAPS
- the game + observe injury
90
Ask
| SALTAPS
- the player questions about where it hurts
91
Look
| SALTAPS
- at the injury site
92
Touch
| SALTAPS
- at injury site for swelling/deformity
93
Active Movement
| SALTAPS
- ask if participant can move injured area
94
Passive Movement
| SALTAPS
- Assessor try to move injured area
95
Strength Testing
| SALTAPS
- Ask player to put pressure on injured area
96
Protect
| PRICE
- injury from further damage w/support or splint
97
Rest
| PRICE
- for 2-3 days
98
Ice
| PRICE
- With a cold compress
99
Compress
| PRICE
- injured area w/bandage
100
Elevate
| PRICE
- above heart level w/support
