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A-Level PE > PAPER 1 - Energy for Exercise > Flashcards

PAPER 1 - Energy for Exercise Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Define Energy
w/units

A

The ability to perform work
Joules (J)

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2
Q

Define Work
w/units

A
  • force applied to a body to move it over a distance
    Joules (J)
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3
Q

Equation for Work

A

Work = Force X Distance

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4
Q

Power
units + equation

A

Rate at which work is done - Watts (W)
Power = Work/time

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5
Q

What is an EXOTHERMIC REACTION ?

A

a chemical reaction that releases energy

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6
Q

What is an ENDOTHERMIC REACTION ?

A

a chemical reaction which absorbs energy

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7
Q

Define Coupled Reaction

A

Continual breakdown + resynthesis of ATP

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8
Q

What is ATP broken down into

A

ADP + P + Energy

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9
Q

What is ATPase ?

A

an ENZYME which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of ATP

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10
Q

What happens when ADP increases and ATP decreases?

A

Creatine Kinase is released

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11
Q

What are the 3 energy systems ?

A
  • ATP-PC system
  • LA system
  • aerobic system
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12
Q

What is ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS ?

A

the partial breakdown of glucose into PYRUVIC ACID

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13
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

A

anaerobic

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14
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : SITE

A

sarcoplasm

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15
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : FUEL

A

PC stores

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16
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ENZYMES

A

creatine kinase

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17
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ATP YIELD

A

1 ATP

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18
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : STAGES + Controlling Enzyme

A
  • PC –> P + C + energy - EXO.
  • ADP + P + Energy –> ATP - ENDO.
  • Creatine Kinase
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19
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS

A

none

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20
Q

ATP-PC SYSTEM : INTENSITY + DURATION

A

very high intensity
8-10s

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21
Q

Advantages of ATP-PC

A
  • PC readily available + quickly resynthesised
  • No fatiguing by-products
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22
Q

Disadvantages of ATP-PC

A
  • Only 1 ATP resynthesised
  • Limited PC store
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23
Q

LA SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

A

can be both

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24
Q

LA SYSTEM : SITE

A

sarcoplasm

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25
LA SYSTEM : FUEL
glycogen / glucose
26
LA SYSTEM : ENZYME
GP, PFK and LDH
27
LA SYSTEM : YIELD
2 ATP
28
LA SYSTEM : STAGES
Glycogen GP Glucose PFK - 2ATP Pyruvic LDH Lactic
29
LA SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS
lactic acid
30
LA SYSTEM : INTENSITY
high intensity 10s - 3min
31
Advantages of LA System
- Fewer reactions than aerobic = quicker supply - Resynthesises 2 ATP = more than PC System
32
Disadvantages of LA System
- Slower than PC system - LA stimulates pain receptors
33
What happens during Aerobic Glycolysis? w/Site of Reaction
- Same as LA till pyruvic + CoA = Acetyl CoA + Oxoloacetic Acid = Citric Acid - Mitochondria
34
What happens in the KREB'S CYCLE ?
Stage 2 - 2 ATP - Hydrogen oxidised and released as H2O - CO2 lost to surroundings
35
What happens in the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) ?
Stage 3 - 34 ATP NADH = 30 FADH = 4
36
Aerobic System - ATP Yield
38 ATP
37
Aerobic System - Type of Reaction
Aerobic
38
Aerobic System - Fuel
Glucose + FFAs
39
Aerobic System - Sites of reaction
1 - Mitochondria 2 - Matrix 3 - Cristae
40
Aerobic System - Controlling Enzymes
PFK + CoA
41
Aerobic System - By Products
CO2 + H2O
42
Aerobic System - Intensity + Duration
- Low-Moderate - 3mins+
43
Advantages of Aerobic System
- Large glycogen + FFA Stores - No fatiguing by products
44
Disadvantages of Aerobic System
- Slowest Rate of ATP resynthesis - Requires greater O2 supply - 15% more for FFAs
45
Why is oxygen available in the Aerobic System?
Intensity is low
46
What is INTERMITTENT EXERCISE ?
Alternating intensity between: - work : relief intervals during interval training - breaks of play during games
47
What are WORK : RELIEF PERIODS ?
the VOLUME of RELIEF in relation to the VOLUME of WORK PERFORMED
48
What are the other factors that affect interplay of energy systems ?
- position of the player - tactics + strategies - level of competition - structure of the game
49
How does enzyme activity delay OBLA?
Increases ATP-PC System Efficiency
50
How does buffering capacity delay OBLA?
Increased LA Tolerance
51
How does mitochondria density delay OBLA?
Increased use of O2
52
Define Threshold
- Point where energy production moves from one system to another
53
6 Factors affecting energy system used
- Intensity + Duration - Thresholds - O2 transport - Fuel Available - Enzyme Activation Level - Fitness Levels
54
How do intensity + duration affect energy systems?
High Intensity, Short Duration = ATP/PC + LA Low Intensity, Long Duration = Aerobic System
55
How do thresholds affect energy systems?
Very High = ATP/PC High = LA Low/Moderate = Aerobic
56
How does O2 Supply affect energy systems?
- below demand = Aerobic Threshold - LA system breaks glucose down anaerobically to resynthesise
57
How does fuel availability affect energy systems
- PC stores depleted by high intensity exercise - Conserve by Pacing + restoring during recovery w/aerobic energy
58
How does enzyme activation level affect energy systems
- ATP/PC - Increased ADP + Decreased ATP = CK - LA - Decreased PC = PFK - Aerobic - Increased adrenaline + decreased insulin = PFK
59
How do fitness levels affect energy systems?
- FFA's used earlier + glycogen stores conserved - Delayed OBLA = increased Aerobic threshold
60
4 Factors affecting interplay of energy systems during intermittent exercise
- intensity of exercise - duration of exercise - recovery periods - fitness levels
61
how recovery periods affect energy systems during intermittent exercise?
- Timeouts + breaks aid recovery - Allow rehydration + glycogen replacement
62
Define Energy Continuum
- Relative Contribution of each energy system, dependant on intensity + duration

A-Level PE (25 decks)

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