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A-Level PE > PAPER 2 - Sport Psychology > Flashcards

PAPER 2 - Sport Psychology Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

What is the narrow band approach ?

A
  • performers are split into type a + type b personalities
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2
Q

What are some characteristics of a TYPE A personality ?

A
  • Strong desire to succeed
  • Highly competitive
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3
Q

What are some characteristics of a TYPE B personality ?

A
  • Non-competitive
  • Unambitious
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4
Q

What does the trait theory of personality suggest ?

A
  • Behaviour is consistent + predictable
  • Situation + environment has no bearing
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5
Q

Characteristics of a STABLE personality ?

A
  • constant emotional behaviour
  • calm in competitive situations
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6
Q

What are some characteristics of an UNSTABLE personality ?

A
  • highly anxious
  • unpredictable
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7
Q

What is the RAS ?

A

Reticular Articulating System

- determines if someone is an introvert/extrovert

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8
Q

What are some characteristics of an EXTROVERT ?

A
  • seeks social situations
  • lacks concentration
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9
Q

What are some characteristics of an INTROVERT ?

A
  • doesn’t seek social situations
  • good concentration
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10
Q

What does the interactionist theory suggest ?

A
  • Traits determine behaviour but can be modified by situations
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11
Q

Describe Lewin’s Interactionist Theory of personality w/equation

A
  • Behaviour is a combination of inherited characteristics + environmental influences
  • B = f(P)E
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12
Q

2 Strengths of Interactionist Theory of personality

A
  • takes into account effect of both traits + environment
  • Explains why behaviour is often unpredictable
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13
Q

Psychological Core

Hollander’s Interactionist Theory

A

Where traits are stored

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14
Q

Typical Response

Hollander’s Interactionist Theory

A
  • response in given situation
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15
Q

Role-Related Behaviour

Hollander’s Interactionist Theory

A
  • may be affected by circumstances
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16
Q

Social Environment

Hollander’s Interactionist Theory

A
  • Affects Role-related behaviour

-

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17
Q

What does the social learning theory of personality suggest ?

A
  • We copy the behaviour of significant others
  • Learning requires reinforcement
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18
Q

What is SELF-ACTUALISATION ?

A

the realisation of one’s talents, considered as a drive or need, present in everyone

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19
Q

What are the three components of the triadic model?

A
  • Cognitive
  • Affective
  • Behavioural
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20
Q

Describe the cognitive component

A
  • thoughts + beliefs about attitude object
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21
Q

Describe the affective component

A
  • feelings towards attitude object
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22
Q

Describe the behavioural component

A
  • behaviour/response to attitude object
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23
Q

What does Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory suggest ?

A
  • all three CAB elements should be consistent for attitude to be stable
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24
Q

How does Festinger believe an attitude is changed ?

A
  • performer must experience two/more opposing beliefs
  • discomfort in attitude = uncomfortable performer
  • Cognitive Dissonance
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25
What is PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION?
method of changing an attitude depends on... - The Message - The Persuader - The Recipient - The Situation
26
What is INTRINSIC MOTIVATION w/example?
- internal drive to succeed | - e.g. personal accomplishments
27
What is EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION ? w/example
- external drive to succeed | - e.g. rewards / medals / money
28
What is the DRIVE THEORY ?
- performance + arousal are directly proportional
29
What is the INVERTED U THEORY ?
- arousal + performance increase to an optimum point before rapidly decreasing due to over-arousal
30
What is the CATASTROPHE THEORY ?
- performance + arousal increase gradually - decrease due to high levels of cognitive + somantic arousal - Can increase again if cognitive increases + somatic is low
31
What is SOMATIC AROUSAL? w/example
- Changes physiological state - Increase HR
32
What is COGNITIVE AROUSAL? w/example
- Changes psychological state - Increased Anxiety
33
What is the PEAK FLOW EXPERIENCE ?
- emotional response to reaching a level of optimal performance
34
What is a dominant response?
A well-learned skill
35
What is CUE UTILISATION ?
- concentrating on relevant cues
36
What is the INSTINCT THEORY OF AGGRESSION ?
- aggression is a natural + innate response
37
Give 2 sporting examples of aggressive cues
- Nature of the game - Boxing - Unfair Referee decisions
38
What is the FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION HYPOTHESIS ?
- frustration will always lead to aggression
39
What is the SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY of aggression ?
- aggression is learned by observing other's behaviour
40
What is ASSERTION ?
forceful behaviour within the rules of sport
41
What are some problems with the INSTINCT THEORY ?
- aggression is often learned - too generalised
42
What is the main problem with the FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION THEORY ?
- frustration doesn't always lead to aggression
43
What is SOCIAL FACILITATION ?
- positive influence of an audience on performance
44
What is SOCIAL INHIBITION ?
- negative influence of an audience on performance
45
What is EVALUATION APPREHENSION ?
- feeling your performance is being observed, increasing arousal
46
How do personality factors affect social facilitation ?
- extroverts seek high arousal situation so perform better w/audiences
47
How do experience levels of experience affect social facilitation ?
- elite performers do better than beginners due to correct DR + lower anxiety
48
How does the type of skill affect social facilitation ?
- gross skills helped by high arousal + can facilitate performance
49
3 strategies minimising social inhibition ?
- Relaxation Techniques - Training w/audience present - Decreasing importance of event
50
What is SELF-SERVING BIAS ?
person's tendency to attribute failure to external reason
51
What is CONTROLLABILITY ?
whether attributions are controllable or UNCONTROLLABLE
52
What is LEARNED HELPLESSNESS ?
- belief that FAILURE is INEVITABLE
53
What is MASTERY ORIENTATION ?
- motivated by becoming an EXPERT Performer
54
What is ATTRIBUTION RETRAINING ?
- seeking to change LEARNED HELPLESSNESS into MASTERY ORIENTATION
55
3 Benefits of Goal Setting
- Control Arousal - Build Confidence - Increase Motivation
56
Define Anxiety
- -ve emotional state associated w/arousal
57
4 layers of Hollander's Interactionist Theory
- Psychological Core - Typical Response - Role-Related Behaviour - Social Environment
58
Define Attitude
- Predisposition towards an attitude object
59
2 ways positive attitudes are formed
- Using sport as stress release - Enjoyable sports experiences
60
2 ways negative attitudes are formed
- Lack of ability - bad past experience, like injury
61
2 Methods of changing attitudes in sport
- Persuasive communication - Cognitive dissonance
62
Example of Cognitive Dissonance
- Rugby Player doing aerobics to keep fit - After coach tells him "the fittest players do aerobics to improve stamina"
63
3 considerations of motivation
- Inner drive to achieve goals - External Pressures + rewards - Intensity + Direction of behaviour
64
Positives of Drive Theory
- Simple to understand - Explains high performance by experts
65
Positives of Inverted U theory
- Coaches can understand effect of arousal on performance - Verifies optimal point of arousal
66
Positives of Catastrophe theory
- Accounts for coginitive + somatic arousal - Performance can increase again by increasing cognitive arousal + keeping somatic low
67
Negatives of Drive Theory
- Doesn't explain decline in performance - Doesn't account for nature of task/personality
68
-ves of Inverted U theory
- Doesn't consider different types of arousal - Relationship may not be U-Shaped e due to overarousal
69
Negatives of Catastrophe Theory
- Optimal arousal may not be mid-way - Doesn't account for level/personality of performer
70
Define Trait Anxiety
- Reacting to situations w/apprehension
71
State Anxiety
- Emotional state at any given time
72
Competitive Trait Anxiety
- Reacting to competitive situations w/apprehension
73
Symptoms of Somatic Anxiety
- Loss of appetite - Sweating
74
Symptoms of Cognitive anxiety
- Indecision - Irritability
75
Cognitive Anxiety w/example
- Experienced in the mind - Worry about failing
76
Define Somatic Anxiety w/example
- Experienced Physiologically - Sweating
77
3 characteristics of a performer in the zone of optimal functioning
- Relaxed - Confident - Automatic Movements
78
What does the Aggressive cue hypothesis suggest?
- Certain stimuli must be present for aggression to occur
79
What is Aggression?
- Forceful behaviour outside the rules of sport
80
4 effects of Social Facilitation/Inhibition on performance
- Home v Away - Personality Factors - Levels of Experience - Type of Skill
81
How does being Home v Away affect social facilitation?
- win more at home due to nature of audience
82
3 types of goals ?
- outcome goals - performance goals - process-orientated goals
83
Example of an outcome goal
- Win the basketball game
84
Example of a performance goal
- Achieving 100m in under 10s
85
Example of process-orientated goal
- Ensure jumpshot technique is correct
86
Specific | SMART
- Must be clear
87
Measurable | SMART
- Must be assessed
88
Achievable | SMART
- Should be realistic to performer's ablility
89
Recorded | SMART
- To monitor progress
90
Time Bound | SMART
- Should be split into ST leading to LT
91
What is the Zone of Optimal Functioning?
- optimum level of arousal unique to all individual performers
92
Strengths of Instinct Theory of Aggression
- Agression can be instinctive - Can be hard to control
93
Define Arousal
- Intensity of our emotion, motivation and behaviour

A-Level PE (25 decks)

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