Parasites

Question 1

What condition does trichomonas vaginalis cause?

Answer 1

trichomoniasis/ Vaginitis. foul-smelling, greenish discharge; itching and burning

Question 2

What is the morphology of Babesla bigemina (Babesia microti)?

Answer 2

sporozoa

Question 3

How is Leishmania donovani transmitted?

Answer 3

sandfly

Question 4

How is Ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?

Answer 4

eggs in soil may contaminate food or be inhaled

Question 5

How is Giardia lamblia transmitted?

Answer 5

cysts in water

Question 6

How is Taenla (T. saginata, T. sollum) transmitted?

Answer 6

ingestion of under cooked beef or pork

Question 7

What are the clinical manifestation of Cryptosporidium parvum? (3)

Answer 7

crytosporidiosis-1-2 weeks incubation, followed by explosive watery diarrhea with abdominal pain for 5-11 days

Question 8

What is the morphology of Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 8

roundworm, up to 25 cm

Question 9

What is the morphology of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 9

flagellated protozoa

Question 10

What are the clinical manifestations of Plasmodium species? (6)

Answer 10

jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anemia. Paroxysm, malaise, sudden chills and high fever, polyuria, rapid pulse, headache and nausea followed by drop in fever and profuse sweating for two or three hours. Paroxysms repeat every 48 to 72 hours

Question 11

What disease does Plasmodium cause?

Answer 11

malaria

Question 12

What is the morphology of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 12

sporozoa

Question 13

What is the major reservoir for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma dudenale?

Answer 13

moist soil

Question 14

How is Diphyliobothrium laturn transmitted?

Answer 14

ingestion of raw fish

Question 15

What is the major reservoir for Leishmania?

Answer 15

many wild mammals

Question 16

Describe the clinical manifestations of Schistosoma Infection. (5)

Answer 16

granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation of spllen, inflammation of liver, portal hypertension

Question 17

What are the clinical manifestations of Wuchereria bancrofi? (3)

Answer 17

Lymphatic filarsis (elephantiasis)-8-12 month incubation, fever or asymptomatic, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis usually femoral, spreading down legs. Obstruction of lymphatics

Question 18

Which lab findings are useful to help diagnose Leishmania?

Answer 18

cultured samples show Leishman-Donovan bodies.

Question 19

What are the clinical manifestations of Diphyliobothrium letum? (2)

Answer 19

vitamin B12 deficiency and resulting megaloblastic anemia

Question 20

What lab findings are useful to help diagnose Ascaris lumbricoides? (2)

Answer 20

finding worms or eggs in stool, or larvae and eosinophils in sputum

Question 21

What are the clinical manifestations of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale? (3)

Answer 21

microcytic anemia, fatigue and nutritional deficiencies

Question 22

What is the major reservoir for Diphyliobothrium letum?

Answer 22

fish

Question 23

What disease(s) does Cryptosporidium cause? (2)

Answer 23

severe diarrhea in AIDS. Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in non HIV

Question 24

How is tToxoplasma gondii transmitted? (3)

Answer 24

oral ingestion of feces of domestic cats or contaminated raw meat or water. Transplacental transmission can also occur.

Question 25

How is Babesia diagnosed? (3)

Answer 25

blood smear, no RBC pigment, appears as maltese cross

Question 26

What is the morphology of trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 26

flagellated protozoa

Question 27

How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?

Answer 27

ingestion of food and water contaminated with cysts

Question 28

How are Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale transmitted?

Answer 28

burrows through skin of feet or legs

Question 29

How is Wuchereria bancrofi transmitted?

Answer 29

mosquitos

Question 30

Name two populations associated with toxoplasma gondii.

Answer 30

pregnant and immunocompromised patients

Question 31

What are the clinical manifestations of Enterobius vermicularis? (2)

Answer 31

perianal itching-periodic nocturnal occasional vaginitis.

Question 32

Which regions are associated with Wuchereria bancrofi? (3)

Answer 32

Asia, Africa, Latin America

Question 33

What are the clinical manifestations of Leishmania? (5)

Answer 33

"Oriental sore" (aka Chiciero's ulcer)-heals but leaves a pitted scar. Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar)-hepatosplenomegaly, grey skin, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy 90% mortality if not treated.

Question 34

What lab findings are useful to help diagnose Plasmodium species? (3)

Answer 34

glesma stain can identify species. Initial IgM increase, subsequent IgG increase

Question 35

Relevant epidemiology and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum. (2)

Answer 35

Epidemics in day cares and other institutions. May be lethal in immunocompromised.

Question 36

How is Cryptosporidium parvum transmitted? (2)

Answer 36

Fecal-Oral, person to person. Contaminated water.

Question 37

How is trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed?

Answer 37

trophozoites on wet mount

Question 38

What are the clinical manifestations of Taenia (T. saginata, T. solium)? (2)

Answer 38

malnutrition, cysticercosis (space occupying lesions, serious if in brain)

Question 39

What are the clinical manifestations of entamoeba histolytica? (3)

Answer 39

bloody, histolytic (ie 'broken cell'), mucous diarrhea with abdominal pain, cramping and flatulence. Alternates with constipation for months to years. May progress to liver where it will cause an abscess with RuQ pain, weight loss, fever and hepatomegaly.

Question 40

What is the morphology of Plasmodium species?

Answer 40

sporozoa

Question 41

What are the clinical manifestations of Trichinella spiralis? (4)

Answer 41

trichinosis-fever, myalgia, periorbital edema, eosinophilla, acute inflammation

Question 42

What is the morphology of Cryptosporidium parvum?

Answer 42

sporozoa

Question 43

Trichinella spiralis (a nematode) is usually found in what food?

Answer 43

under cooked meat, usually pork

Question 44

How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

Answer 44

sexual

Question 45

What is the major reservoir for Schistosoma species?

Answer 45

snails

Question 46

Name two diseases caused by Toxoplasma

Answer 46

brain abscess in HIV, birth defects

Question 47

Which disease does Leishmania donovani cause?

Answer 47

visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)

Question 48

What are the clinical manifesations of Ascaris lumbricoides? (4)

Answer 48

ascariasis, fever, cough, wheezing, dyspnea, eosinophilia, migratory pulmonary infiltrates (compare asthma, bronchitis)

Question 49

Identify the major virulence/toxicity factors associated with Leishmania

Answer 49

use histiocytes to invade every organ

Question 50

What are the clinical manifestations of Babesia bigemina (Babesia microti)? (4)

Answer 50

fatigue, arthritis, prolonged fever and hemolytic anemia.

Question 51

What is the major reservoir for Trichinella spiralis? (2)

Answer 51

pigs, bears

Question 52

How is it entamoeba histolytica diagnosed? (2)

Answer 52

serology and/or trophozoites or cysts in stool

Question 53

How is Giardia lambilia transmitted?

Answer 53

water or food contaminated with feces

Question 54

What is the major reservoir for Plasmodium species?

Answer 54

humans

Question 55

How is toxoplasma diagnosed? (2)

Answer 55

serology, biopsy

Question 56

What are the clinical manifestations of Toxoplasma gondiii? (5)

Answer 56

abortion, still birth, malformation, chorloretinis, mental retardation. Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic but encephalitis in immunocompromised

Question 57

How is Babesia transmitted?

Answer 57

ixodes tick

Question 58

What are the clinical manifestations of Giardia lamblia? (5)

Answer 58

gastroenteritis. non-bloody foul smelling diarrhea with abdominal cramps, distention, flatulence, nausea, vomiting and sometimes low grade fever.

Question 59

How is Giardia lamblia diagnosed? (2)

Answer 59

trophozoites or cysts in stool

Question 60

What condition does trypanosoma cruzi cause?

Answer 60

chagas disease

Question 61

What is the major reservoir for entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 61

water and food

Question 62

What is the major reservoir for Cryptosporidium parvum?

Answer 62

animals

Question 63

How is Plasmodium species transmitted?

Answer 63

bite of female anopheles mosquito