Part 4

Question 1

Characteristics of urine

Answer 1

-yellow
-sterile
-slightly aromatic
-normal pH around 6
Specific gravity of 1.001 to 1.035

Question 2

Ureters

Answer 2

-slender tubes attaching to kidney to the bladder
-continuous with renal pelvis
-enter posterior aspect of bladder
-runs behind the peritoneum
-peristalsis aids the gravity in urine transport

Question 3

Urinary bladder

Answer 3

-smooth, collapsible, muscular sac
-temporarily stores urine
-trigone- 3 openings
2 from ureters
1 from urethra

Question 4

Urinary bladder wall

Answer 4

-3 layers of smooth muscle (detrusor muscle)
-mucosa made of transitional epithelium
- walls are thick and folded in an empty bladder
-bladder can expand significantly without increasing internal pressure

Question 5

Urethra

Answer 5

-thin walled tube carries urine from bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
- release of urine is controlled by 2 sphincters
Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
External urethral sphincter ( voluntary)