urinary system

Question 1

Hydronephrosis

Answer 1

a condition where one or both kidneys become stretched and swollen as the result of a build-up of urine inside them.

Question 2

calculi

Answer 2

a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body

Question 3

hypertrophy

Answer 3

an increase and growth of muscle cells

Question 4

atrophy

Answer 4

A decrease in size of an organ or tissue; wasting.

Question 5

dysplasia

Answer 5

the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer.

Question 6

metaplasia

Answer 6

a process whereby one type of mature tissue is replaced by another type of mature tissue not indigenous to that organ or tissue

Question 7

Pyelonephritis

Answer 7

a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys

Question 8

cystitis

Answer 8

an infection of the bladder that almost always follows (is secondary to) bacterial infection in the urine

Question 9

anuria

Answer 9

failure of the kidneys to produce urine.

Question 10

dysuria

Answer 10

painful or difficult urination.

Question 11

oliguria

Answer 11

the production of abnormally small amounts of urine.

Question 12

polyuria

Answer 12

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.

Question 13

hematuria

Answer 13

-there is blood in your urine

Question 14

azotemia

Answer 14

Elevated levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds in the blood.

Question 15

uremia

Answer 15

a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys.

Question 16

Normal constituents of urine

Answer 16

water, urea, creatine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, waste products

Question 17

Signs/symptoms of a urinary tract infection

Answer 17

frequent urge to urinate, pain or burning, cloudy, foamy, blood, abdominal pain

Question 18

Why do calculi form? Signs and symptoms?

Answer 18

form due to concentration of minerals in urine-severe pain in back or side, blood in urine, nausea, vomiting

Question 19

What is pyelonephritis? What is the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 19

kidney infection caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder- uti

Question 20

Main symptoms in Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 20

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, high cholesterol, edema

Question 21

Regarding a Urinalysis, C&S would be expected to be performed if the urine is positive for which of the following:

Answer 21

Bacteria

Question 22

The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the:

Answer 22

renal pelvis