Renal Study Packet

Question 1

Most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the

Answer 1

Proximal convoluted tubule- close to the glomerulus

Question 2

Under normal circumstances, the kidneys produce about _____ liters of glomerular filtrate per day

Answer 2

180

Question 3

ADH is produced in the

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

When ADH levels in the blood are high, the collecting ducts are

Answer 4

Very permeable to sodium and chloride ions- sodium( and water) moves back into the body

Question 5

Active transport of sodium: water follows passively

Answer 5

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 6

Passively permeable to water

Answer 6

Accenting limb of the nephron loop

Question 7

Passively permeable to water

Answer 7

Descending limb of the nephron loop

Question 8

Passively permeable to water under ADH stimulation

Answer 8

Collecting duct

Question 9

The appearance of glucose in the urine

Answer 9

Occurs when the transport carries for glucose become saturated

Question 10

The urinary bladder is located

Answer 10

Posterior to the pubic symphysis

Question 11

In the proximal convoluted tubule, chloride ions are reabsorbed because of

Answer 11

The electrical attraction of sodium ions- Na+ attracts the Cl-

Question 12

Which of the following promotes sodium retention and potassium loss from the blood across: the wall of the wall of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 12

Aldosterone

Question 13

Granular (juxtaglomerular cells) secrete_____ when there is a fall in _____ ion concentration

Answer 13

Renin/ sodium

Question 14

If you took a drug that inhibited the reabsorption of Na+ in the PCT you would

Answer 14

Have an Increased urine output- Na+ will not be resorbed, urine would stay in the PCT

Question 15

Glucose is

Answer 15

Filtered and reabsorbed but not secreted- want to bring glucose back into the bloodstream

Question 16

What would happen to the GFR if the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the fluid in the capsular space increased?

Answer 16

GFR would decrease

Question 17

Correct sequence from urine formation

Answer 17

Nephron
Collecting duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Ureter
Urethra

Question 18

While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood derived fluids per day the amount that actually leave the body is

Answer 18

1% or 1.8L

Question 19

The fluid in the capsular space is similar to plasma except that is does not contain a significant amount of

Answer 19

Albumin

Question 20

Aldosterone causes

Answer 20

Decreased urine output

Question 21

During reabsorption, Na+ crosses the apical walls of the proximal tubule cells into the interstitial fluid principally by means of

Answer 21

Active transport

Question 22

The main solute component of urine is

Answer 22

Urea

Question 23

The majority of reabsorption occurs in the

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 24

Which of the following is found in the renal medulla?

Answer 24

Loop of henle

Question 25

Urine with a high concentration of C6H12O6 is

Answer 25

Abnormal because this compound is filtered and reabsorbed

Question 26

Order filtrate follows as it flows through the nephron

Answer 26

Bowman’s capsule PCT loop of henle DCT collecting duct

Question 27

The kidneys are located

Answer 27

Retroperitoneally

Question 28

Which of the following is not a means of regulating GFR?

Answer 28

Regulation via skeletal muscle

Question 29

Renin is produced by the

Answer 29

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 30

The nephron is

Answer 30

The functional unit of the kidney

Question 31

Atrial naturiuretic peptide works to

Answer 31

Inhibit the effects of aldosterone

Question 32

The most important function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is to

Answer 32

Secrete renin in response to decreased renal blood pressure or blood flow

Question 33

From the distal convoluted tubule, filtrate will then be carried to the

Answer 33

Collecting duct

Question 34

A patient who is dehydrated from vomiting and diarrhea is likely to be higher than normal in blood

Answer 34

Both ADH and aldosterone

Question 35

The outermost covering of the kidney is the

Answer 35

Renal capsule

Question 36

The kidney secretes______ for the purpose of stimulating bone marrow activity

Answer 36

Erythropoietin

Question 37

The kidney secretes ______ which is an enzyme hormone that raises blood pressure

Answer 37

Renin

Question 38

The renal corpuscle is comprised of a glomerulus and

Answer 38

Bowman’s capsule

Question 39

Which section of the nephron is after the ascending limb of the loop of henle

Answer 39

DCT

Question 40

Which process is most affected by blood pressure?

Answer 40

Glomerular filtration

Question 41

Which muscle metabolism waste product is eliminated by the kidneys?

Answer 41

Creatinine

Question 42

What is the average glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 42

180 L per day

Question 43

What is not usually found in the urine

Answer 43

Glucose

Question 44

How much urine is formed in 24 hours

Answer 44

1.5 L

Question 45

Renin acts on ________ to convert it to angiotensin 1

Answer 45

Angiotensinogen

Question 46

The targets of angiotensin 2 are blood vessels and

Answer 46

Adrenal cortex

Question 47

The action is aldosterone is to increase

Answer 47

Sodium reabsorption

Question 48

The fluid in the descending limb of the loop of henle is ______ relative to the capillaries

Answer 48

Hypertonic

Question 49

What effect does ADH have on urine output?

Answer 49

Decreaes

Question 50

Eating large amounts of meat will increase the levels of _____in the blood

Answer 50

Urea

Question 51

Which of these could appear in the urine from dieting or the utilization of excess lipids?

Answer 51

Ketone

Question 52

Vigorous exercise could release high amounts of _____ into the urine

Answer 52

Albumin

Question 53

What causes urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder?

Answer 53

Peristalsis

Question 54

Within the renal tubule, 2 hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium concentration of urine. The hormone ________ regulates sodium reabsorption while ________ regulates water reabsorption

Answer 54

Aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 55

The pyramids are areas located within ______ of the kidney

Answer 55

The medulla

Question 56

The ureter directly receives urine from the _____ of the kidney

Answer 56

Pelvis