Part I: Introduction to Bacteriology Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
area of science that deals with
the study of microorganisms
A
Microbiology
2
Q
classified as bacteria (i.e. E.
coli), viruses (i.e. SARS-CoV-2), fungi (i.e.
Candida albicans)
A
Microorganisms
3
Q
study of bacteria
A
Bacteriology
4
Q
study of viruses
A
Virology
5
Q
study of fungi
A
Mycology
6
Q
General Characteristics of Bacteria
A
- Prokaryotic
- Has DNA and RNA
- Reproduction: Binary Fission
7
Q
Size of Bacteria ranges from
A
0.4-2.0 micra
8
Q
Smallest Genus
A
Genus Mycoplasma
9
Q
Largest Genus
A
Genus Bacillus
10
Q
toxin usually produced by gram (+) bacteria
A
Exotoxin
11
Q
exotoxin is secreted by gram (+) bacteria except
A
Listeria spp.
12
Q
Coagulase toxin is secreted by
A
Staphylococcus aureus
13
Q
Toxin usually secreted by gram (-) bacteria
A
Endotoxin
14
Q
Organism that causes bloody diarrhea
A
Shigella dysenteriae
15
Q
organ for locomotion;
A
FLAGELLA
16
Q
absence of flagella
A
Atrichous
17
Q
single flagellum at one end
A
Monotrichous
18
Q
single flagellum at both ends
A
Amphitrichous
19
Q
tuft/bundle of flagella at
one/both ends
A
Lophotrichous
20
Q
surrounded w/ flagella
A
Peritrichous
21
Q
BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF FLAGELLA:
Cocci
A
Non-motile
22
Q
BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF FLAGELLA:
Bacilli ; Spirilla
A
Motile
23
Q
WAYS TO DEMONSTRATE MOTILITY:
Use of flagellar Stains
A
Gray’s and Leifson
Fischer and Conn
24
Q
WAYS TO DEMONSTRATE MOTILITY:
Semi-solid Media
A
SIM
25
WAYS TO DEMONSTRATE MOTILITY:
For Listeria monocytogenes
Hanging drop
26
Tumbling motility (end over end)
Listeria monocytogenes
27
Darting motility
Campylobacter spp.
28
Gliding/ sliding motility
Capnocytophaga gingivalis
29
Twitching motility
Kingella kingae
30
Shooting star motility
Vibrio cholerae
31
Cork screw motility
Spiral organisms
32
not common to all bacteria;
usually found among gram (-)
organisms; it can be a virulence factor
Pili/Fimbrae
Capsule
33
2 common type of Pili
Common Pili
Sex pili
34
pili that has adherence/attachment to
host cells
Common pili
35
Pili for gene conjugation
Sex pili
36
mostlygram (-) organisms; “slimy” area that covers the cell
wall - produces “MUCOID” colonies
Capsule
37
FUNCTIONS OF CAPSULE:
Anti-phagocytic
Virulence factor
38
Organism with POLYSACCHARIDE capsule
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae
39
with D-GLUTAMATE CAPSULE
Bacillus anthracis
40
capsular swelling test
Neufeld Quellung's Test
41
a.k.a. MUREIN LAYER of
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
CELL WALL
42
FUNCTIONS OF CELL WALL:
● Gives shape to the organism
● Site of antibiotic action
● Basis of gram staining
43
THICKER peptidoglycan layer
Gram (+) organisms
44
THINNER peptidoglycan layer
Gram (-) organisms
45
Cell wall less
Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma
46
represents stored food
INCLUSIONS/INCLUSION BODY/
METACHROMATIC GRANULES
47
Much Granules
Mycobacterium
48
Babes Ernst Granules
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae
49
Stain for Metachromatic Granules
Albert’s stain
Neisser’s stain
Ljubinsky
Dorner's
Wirtz Cronklin
50
contains the genetic material
NUCLEOID
51
small DNA molecule that carries a resistant gene confers resistance to some antibiotics;
Plasmid
52
resistant structures that
enables the bacteria to withstand injurious
conditions
ENDOSPORES/SPORES
53
with SAFETY PIN APPEARANCE inclusion bodies
Yersinia pestis
54
Component of Spores
Calcium dipicolinate acid / Dipicolinic acid
55
Spore Formers:
Aerobes :
Anaerobes :
Aerobes : Bacillus
Anaerobes : Clostridium
56
To demonstrate spores:
Schaeffer and Fulton
57
CENTRAL SPORES
Bacillus anthracis
58
TERMINAL SWOLLEN
SPORES
Clostridium tetani
59
SUBTERMINAL SPORES
Clostridium botulinum
60
uses light as energy source
Phototropic
61
uses chemical compounds as energy source
Chemotrophic
62
uses INORGANIC compounds as carbon source
Autotrophic/Lithotroph
63
uses ORGANIC compounds (i.e. glucose) as carbon source
Heterotrophic/Organotroph
64
Obligate/strict aerobe
- require oxygen
for growth
65
Obligate/strict aerobe Organisms
Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas,
Bacillus
My Bacla Poseidon
66
cannot grow in the
presence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobe
67
Obligate anaerobes organisms
Bacteroides and Clostridium
68
equipment used to ensure
anaerobiosis
GASPAKJAR
69
can live with presence or absence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe
70
Facultative anaerobes organism
E-3S
E.coli
Salmonella
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
71
can grow in the presence of
oxygen, but grow best in an anaerobic environment
Aerotolerant
72
Aerotolerant organism
Lactobacillus
73
bacteria grow in a
reduced level of oxygen; can die if there’s
too much oxygen
Microaerophilic
74
Microaerophilic organism
Helicobacter and Campylobacter
75
pH requirements:
Neutrophile:
Acidophile:
Alkalophile/Basophile:
Neutrophile: 7.0-7.5
Acidophile: 3.0
Alkalophile/Basophile: 10.5
76
organism with acidic pH
Lactobacillus
77
Organism with alkaline pH
Vibrio cholerae
78
Temperature requirements
Pyschrophilic:
Mesophilic:
Thermophilic:
Thermoduric:
Pyschrophilic: 0-20
Mesophilic: 20-45
Thermophilic: 50-125
Thermoduric: cannot stand long exposure to high-temp
79
require concentrations of 5%
to 10% (increased) for optimal growth
Capnophilic
80
Capnophilic organisms
Streptococcus
Neisseria
81
used to supply the
bacteria with ↑CO2
CANDLE JAR
82
requires high salt concentration
Halophilic
83
Halophilic Organism
Vibrio
84
STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:
- no cell division yet; growth
rate is 0%; ↑size
- Detoxifying medium
Lag/Adjustment/Adaptation
85
STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:
- rapid exponential growth
- cell division starts
- susceptible to antibiotics
LOG/EXPONENTIAL PHASE
86
STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:
- nutrients are used up
- toxins are accumulated
- sporulation
STATIONARY PHASE/PLATEAU
87
STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:
- Characterized by complete cessation of bacterial growth
- Death of cells
DEATH PHASE/STAGE OF DECLINE
88
movement of NON-MOTILE organisms caused by
movement of molecules surrounding them. This is NOT TRUE motility.
Brownian movement
89
Automated culture prep
Vitek
Maldi Tof
90
Semi-automated culture prep
Analytical Profile Index
91
to kill bacteria; avoid getting an
infection
HEAT FIXATION
92
process of artificially coloring the organism with dyes/stains
Staining
93
uses only ONE dye; color
of the dye is the RESULTING COLOR;
Simple Staining
94
the BACKGROUND and NOT the organism is STAINED; BACTERIA will appear COLORLESS
Indirect/Relief/Negative Staining
95
used to demonstrate
special features of the cell
Special Staining
96
Capsular stains
Hiss, Anthony’s
97
Spore stains
- Dorner’s
- Schaeffer and Fulton
- Wirtz cronklin
98
Metachromatic granules stains
- Albert’s
- Neisser
- Ljubinsky
- Ponder
- Methylene Blue
99
DIFFERENTIAL STAINING
Gram Staining
Acid Fast Staining
100
Gram Staining
Primary Dye: Crystal violet
Mordant: Gram's Iodine
Decolorizer: Acetone or Alcohol or mixture of both
Counterstain: Safranin
VIAS
101
Staining:
Best to use for exhbiting SAFET PIN APPEARANCE of Y.pestis
Wayson
102
Other stain for Y. pestis
Methylene blue
103
Culture Media used for Babes-Ernst Granules of C. diphtheriae
Loeffler's Serum
PAI's slant
104
Stain used for Babes-Ernst Granules of C. diphtheriae
Loeffler's methylene blue
Albert's
Neisser
105
Glycogen containing inclusion bodies found in CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
Halberstaedter Prowazek
106
Stain used for Halberstadter Prowazek
Castaneda's
Gimenez
Machiavello
