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BACTERIOLOGY > Part IV: Introduction > Flashcards

Part IV: Introduction Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

gram staining technique for fungi

A

Hucker’s modification

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2
Q

Most CRITICAL step in Gram staining:

A

DECOLORIZATION

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3
Q

Fungi are reported gram (+)

A

gram (+)

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4
Q

Size of AFB smear

A

2by3 cm

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5
Q

FITE-FARACO modification of acid fast stain is used to demonstrate

A

M. leprae

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6
Q

FITE FARACO Uses HEMATOXYLIN as

A

counter stain

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7
Q

Carried out to determine susceptibility or resistance of
organisms to antimicrobial agents

A

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

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8
Q

Antimicrobials may be classified as

A
  1. Bactericidal
  2. Bacteriostatic
  3. Narrow and Broad Spectrum
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9
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

Cell wall inhibitors

A
  1. beta lactams
  2. Glycopeptides
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10
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

Cell wall inhibitors - Beta Lactams (3)

A

Penicillin
Carbapenems
Cephalosporin

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11
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

Cell wall inhibitors - Glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin

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12
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

Protein Synthesis inhibitor (5)

A

2C-MAT

Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline

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13
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

Protein Synthesis inhibitor - Macrolides (1)

A

Erythromycin

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14
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
INHIBITORS - Aminoglycoside (2)

A

Gentamicin
Tobramycin

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15
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
INHIBITORS - Tetracyclines (1)

A

Doxycycline

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16
Q

ANTIBIOTICS

BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITORS

A

Tazobactam
Sulbactam
Cluvanilic Acid

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17
Q

SULFONAMIDES

SXT

A

trimetophrim sulfamethoxazole

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18
Q

Drug which can be used as treatment for UTI

A

NITROFURANTOIN

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19
Q

NITROFURANTOIN action

A

Inhibits bacterial enzyme

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20
Q

inhibition of DNA activity

A

QUINOLONES

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21
Q

example of quinolones

A

Levoflaxin
Ciproflaxin

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22
Q

KIRBY BAUER DISK DIFFUSION

A

Qualitative

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23
Q

E-TEST DILUTION

A

Quantitative

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24
Q

Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion

Media used

A

Mueller Hinton Agar

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25
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion pH
7.2-7.4
26
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Depth of agar
4 mm
27
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Inoculum size
1.5 x 108 CFU/ml
28
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Use of 0.5 Mac Farland standard is composed of
99.5 ml 1% sulfuric acid 1.175% barium chloride
29
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Manner of streaking using
Sterile cotton swab
30
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Streaking Method
Overlapping
31
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion light inoculum, very dry agar, thin agar
False SUSCEPTIBLE
32
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion heavy inoculum, too much moisture in agar, thick agar
False RESISTANT
33
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Size of filter paper disk
6mm
34
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Working supply
2-8 degC
35
Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Incubation requirements
Incubate at 35-37 degC for 16-18 hrs in ambient air
36
If plate size is 100 mm
no more than 5 disks
37
If plate size is 150 mm
no more than 12 disks
38
Distance of disk: From center
24 mm
39
Distance of disk Between 2 disks
15 mm
40
Waiting time prior to placement of disks
3-5 mins
41
Use _______ when measuring ZONE OF INHIBITION
RULER OR CALIPER
42
SWARMING by PROTEUS
Ignore
43
Sulfonamides like SXT, may result into 2 concentric zones of inhibition, measure the
OUTER ZONE
44
Possible Results In Ast:
Resistant Intermediate Susceptible
45
Uses a strip with single antibiotic of decreasing concentrations along its length
E-TEST
46
E-TEST is a dilution method for fastidious organisms like
Haemophilus
47
E-TEST (+) Result
ELLIPSE OF GROWTH INHIBITION
48
detect the ability of organism to produce the enzyme B-lactamase
BETA - LACTAMASE TEST (Cephalosporinase Test)
49
enzyme that makes organism beta lactam resistant
B-lactamase
50
BETA - LACTAMASE TEST (Cephalosporinase Test) Disk used
CEFINASE DISK
51
BETA - LACTAMASE TEST Substrate
NITROCEFIN
52
BETA - LACTAMASE TEST + result:
pink to red coloration of the disk
53
BETA LACTAMS/PENICILLINASE RESISTANT DRUGS: Methicillin and Oxacylin are used to treat
CAGI S. aureus H. influenza N. gonorrhoeae M. catarrhalis
54
some S. aureus have resistance to penicillinase resistant drugs and are called
MRSA Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
55
MRSA is caused by the presence of
PBP2a Penicillin Binding Protein 2a
56
PBP2a is encoded by
mec A gene
57
MRSA DETECTION Media use (3)
Chromogenic agar Cefoxitin Disk Test Oxacillin Screen Agar
58
MRSA DETECTION Positive and Negative Result
Pos: Red/mauve Negative: Blue colonies
59
MRSA DETECTION Oxacillin Screen agar is composed of
6 ug Oxacillin 4% NaCI
60
MRSA DETECTION Gold standard
PCR
61
Detect inducible clindamycin resistance among strains of S. aureus
D-TEST
62
D-test is done if the results is discrepant
true
63
different results are obtained from same action antibiotics: discrepant result must be when
Clindamycin susceptible and erythromycin resistant
64
D-test uses
15 ug erythromycin 2 ug clindamycin
65
D-test antibiotics are positioned
15 mm apart
66
(+) RESULT: blunting or flattening of clindamycin zone to produce
D - pattern
67
D-test Interpretation of Result (+) D-test: Clindamycin - (-) D-test: Clindamycin -
(+) D-test: Clindamycin - RESISTANT (-) D-test: Clindamycin - SENSITIVE
68
One way to detect S. pneumoniae
PENICILLIN RESISTANCE
69
S. pneumoniae Hemolysis: Optochin:
Alpha hemolytic Optochin susceptible
70
PENICILLIN RESISTANCE Culture Media used
MHA supplemented with sheep’s blood + 1 ug oxacillin disk
71
PENICILLIN RESISTANCE o Greater than 20 mm - o Less than 20 mm -
o Greater than 20 mm SENSITIVE o Less than 20 mm RESISTANT
72
Screening test to detect ability of organism to produce the enzyme CARBAPENEMASE
MODIFIED HODGE TEST
73
Enzyme that make beta lactam antibiotic INEFFECTIVE
CARBAPENEMASE
74
MODIFIED HODGE TEST (+) RESULT -
clover leaf leaf-likelike pattern
75
SEMI-AUTOMATED METHODS FOR BACTERIAL ID that uses microtubes with dehydrated substrates
API
76
SEMI-AUTOMATED METHODS FOR BACTERIAL ID involves one step inoculation , no need to add reagent and oil
BBL crystal ID
77
AUTOMATED SYSTEM automation program for bacterial identificationand susceptibility
VITEK
78
AUTOMATED SYSTEM same with VITEK but faster
MALDI-TOF

BACTERIOLOGY (25 decks)

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