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BACTERIOLOGY > Part II: Introduction to Bacteriology > Flashcards

Part II: Introduction to Bacteriology Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

ALL COCCI are GRAM POSITIVE except

A

Neisseria
Veillonella
Branhamella

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2
Q

ALL BACILLI are GRAM NEGATIVE

A

MC-BELL

Mycobacterium
Clostridium
Bacillus
Erysipelothrix
Listeria
Lactobacillus

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3
Q

like Actinomyces and
Streptomyces; yeast , and molds (fungi) are

A

Gram (+)

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4
Q

ALL SPIRAL organisms are

A

Gram (-)

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5
Q

NOT GRAM-STAINED

A

Rickettsiae
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma

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6
Q

Acid Fast stain organism are difficult to stain due to the presence of

A

Mycolic Acid

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7
Q

Other Term for Mycolic Acid

A

Hydroxymethyl acid

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8
Q

Ways to facilitate Acid Fast Staining

A

● Steaming process
● Increasing concentration of phenol and basic fuchsin
● Prolonging contact of stain with the material
● Addition of wetting agent (TERGITOL) prior
to the stain solution

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9
Q

2 MOST COMMON METHODS OF ACID FAST STAINING:

A
  1. Ziehl Neelsen Method
  2. Kinyoun’s Method
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10
Q

Acid Fast Staining Process

A

C-A-M

  1. Primary dye - Carbol Fuchsin
  2. Mordant - Steam/Tergitol
  3. Decolorizer - 3% Acid Alcohol
  4. Counterstain - Methylene blue ; Malachite Green (sub)
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11
Q

Pappenheim’s

M. smegmatis =
M. tuberculosis =

A

M. smegmatis = blue
M. tuberculosis = red

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12
Q

Baumgartens

M.leprae =
M.tuberculosis =

A

M.leprae = red
M.tuberculosis = blue

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13
Q

Fite Faraco’s

M. leprae uses ___ as counterstain

A

Hematoxylin

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14
Q

Most sensitive method of AF staining

A

Fluorochrome staining

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15
Q

Fluorochrome Staining Process

A

Primary dye: Auramine Rhodinine

Mordant: None

Decolorizer: 0.5% Acid Alcohol

Counterstain: 0.5% Potassium permanganate

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16
Q

Fluorochrome Staining AFO results to

A

Yellow organism against Black Background

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17
Q

no solidifying agent; 0% agar; placed in a tube (broth)

A

Liquid Media

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18
Q

Example of Liquid Media

A

Trypticase Soy Broth
Brain Heart Infusion
Alkaline Peptone Water

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19
Q

0.5-1% agar; placed in a tube
(deep or butt)

A

Semi-solid Media

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20
Q

2-3% agar; placed in either a petri dish or tube (slant)

A

Solid Media

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21
Q

initially liquid; allowed to
solidify; becomes liquid with heat

A

Solid Liquefiable

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22
Q

Solid Liquefiable example

A

EMB
MacConkey
Mannitol Salt Agar

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23
Q

(2) will no longer liquefy once heated ; example

A

Solid Non-liquefiable
Rice medium

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24
Q

both solid and liquid

A

BIPHASIC

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25
Biphasic Media for BRUCELLA
Castaneda's
26
Biphasic Media for Gardnerella Vaginalis
Human Blood Tween (HBT)
27
SIGN OF GROWTH: SOLID MEDIA LIQUID MEDIA
SOLID MEDIA = with colonies LIQUID MEDIA = turbidity
28
contains only the necessary nutrition to support bacterial growth ; no supplements and no vitamins
GENERAL PURPOSE/GENERAL ISOLATION MEDIA
29
enhance bacterial growth ; contains supplements and vitamins
ENRICHMENT MEDIA
30
ENRICHMENT MEDIA Salmonella and Shigella
Selenite Broth
31
ENRICHMENT MEDIA Salmonella and Proteus
Tetrathionate broth
32
use to support growth of fastidious organisms ; contains BLOOD
ENRICHED MEDIA
33
ENRICHED MEDIA Sheep Blood Agar
Streptococci
34
ENRICHED MEDIA Horse Blood Agar
Haemophilus spp.
35
ENRICHED MEDIA Human Blood Agar
G.vaginalis
36
ENRICHED MEDIA Chocolate Blood Agar
Neisseria spp.
37
the growth of the desired (wanted) organism while inhibiting (preventing) the growth of others; contains
SELECTIVE MEDIA
38
SELECTIVE MEDIA Cystine tellurite BA ; Inhibitor
C. diphtheriae ; Potassium tellurite
39
SELECTIVE MEDIA Lowenstein Jensen Media ; Inhibitor
M.tuberculosis ; (Malachite green)
40
SELECTIVE MEDIA Thayer Martin Media ; Inhibitor
Neisseria spp. ; Antibiotics
41
SELECTIVE MEDIA MacConkey Agar ; Inhibitor
Gram (-) Bacilli ; Crystal Violet
42
used to differentiate organisms growing together
DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
43
DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA EMB differentiates
GRAM (-) BACILLI as to LF/NLF
44
DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA TCBS differentiates
differentiate Vibrio as to Sucrose or Non-sucrose fermenters
45
Lactose Fermenters (LF)
Pink-purple colonies
46
Non-Lactose Fermenters (NLF)
Colorless colonies
47
SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
EMB TCBS MacConkey
48
maintain viability of organisms during specimen transport
TRANSPORT MEDIA
49
TRANSPORT MEDIA Neisseria
JEMBEC
50
TRANSPORT MEDIA Vibrio
Cary Blair
51
TRANSPORT MEDIA Virus
Stuarts
52
MEDIA FOR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
Mueller Hinton Agar
53
Cell wall: Disaccharides are known as
N-acetyl glucosamine N-acetyl muramic acid
54
Cell wall: Gram (+) are composed of
thicker peptidoglycan layer Techoic acid
55
Cell wall: Gram (-) are composed of
- thinner peptidoglycan layer - NO techoic acid - Lipopolysaccharide - Periplasmic space
56
Cell membrane with sterols except:
Mycoplasma
57
Capsule: Organism with hyaluronic acid capsule usually found in animals
Pasteurella multocida
58
Capsule: Organism with POLYRIBOSIL RIBITOL PHOSPHATE
Haemophilus influenzae
59
Usually causes meningitis to children 5 yrs old below
Haemophilus influenzae
60
Serotypes of H. influenzae
A,B,C,D,E,F
61
Most common serotypes of H.influenzae that causes pathogen
B
62
Stain for capsule:
Hiss Anthony’s Tyler India ink HATI
63
the flagellar antigen
H antigen
64
Halophilic 7.5% =
S.aureus
65
S.aureus: Toxin Mediated
Food poisoning Toxic shock syndrome Scalded skin syndrome
66
S.aureus: Non-toxin mediated
Boils, carbuncles, furuncles, cellulitis Wound infection Bullous impetigo Sty
67
Definitive test: S.aureus
Coagulase test
68
Halophilic: 6.5% =
Enterococci
69
Enterococci: clinical significance
nosocomial UTI
70
Enterococci: Screening test
Bile esculin test
71
Bile esculin test result
blackening (+)
72
Bile esculin test: Indicator
ferric ammonium citrate
73
8-10% required by most Vibrios except:
Vibrio cholerae Vibrio mimicus
74
CAPNOPHILIC: Genus
- Neisseria - Streptococci - Helicobacter - Haemophilus - HACEK NO SHHH
75
AEROBES requires
21% oxygen
76
Incubation of bacteria and viruses
35-37 degC
77
Incubation of fungi:
25-30 degC (Room Temperature)
78
OBLIGATE ANAEROBE Genus
Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium
79
OBLIGATE ANAEROBE uses
GASPAK JAR
80
GASPAK JAR Indicators:
- Rezasurin (pink with air) - Methylene Blue (blue with air)
81
GASPAK JAR Palladium catalyst is for
removes oxygen
82
GASPAK JAR Color in the absence of oxygen
Colorless
83
GASPAK JAR Common failure
inactivation of catalyst
84
MICROAEROPHILIC requires Oxygen = CO2 = N2 =
Oxygen = 5-10% CO2 = 10% N2 = 85%
85
MICROAEROPHILIC Genus
Campylobacter Treponema Helicobacter Borrelia
86
Requires incubation at 4deg C for several weeks
COLD ENRICHMENT
87
Can tolerate cold enrichment:
Yersinia enterocolitica Listeria monocytogenes
88
Refrigerated Blood Bag Contaminants
Y. enterocolitca P. fluorescens S. liquefaciens
89
89
90
Blood bag contaminants at RT
S. epidermidis B. cereus Cutibacterium acnes
90
Selective and differential media for Vibrio
TCBS
91
TCBS: Fermentable CHO
Sucrose
92
TCBS: Indicators
Bromthymol Blue & Thymol Blue
93
TCBS Sucrose fermenter
Yellow Colonies
94
TCBS Non-sucrose fermenter
Green Colonies
94
enrichment media for genus VIBRIO
Alkaline peptone water
95
CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY for malaria
Positive blood smear
96
CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY from a sterile site
Streptococcus pyogenes
97
CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY Positive acid-fast smears
Mycobacterium culture
98
CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY from genital site of a pregnant woman at term
Streptococcus agalactiae or herpes simplex virus

BACTERIOLOGY (25 decks)

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