Part III: Introduction to Bacteriology Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
detection of bacteremia, sepsis, fever of unknown origin in blood collection/phlebotomy
A
Blood
2
Q
presence of viable bacteria in blood
A
Bacteremia
3
Q
Common agents for Bacteremia
A
CoNS (Coagulase-Negative Staph) Saphrophyticus and epidermidis
H.influenzae
S.aureus
E.coli
B. fragilis
4
Q
presence of viable bacteria in blood that causes SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY INFECTION
A
Septicemia
5
Q
Decontamination of puncture site uses: (3)
A
70-95% alcohol
Chlorhexidine
Iodophor (1 min)
6
Q
BLOOD common contaminants
A
DiBa EVA
Diptheriae spp.
Bacillus spp.
S. epidermidis
Viridans streptococci
p. Acnes
7
Q
Blood-Broth ratio is:
A
1:10
8
Q
BLOOD specimen media used
A
Brain Heart Infusion
Trypticase Soy Broth
Brucella Broth
9
Q
BLOOD anticoagulant uses
A
0.25% Sodium Polyethanol Sulfonate
10
Q
Addition of _______ in anticoagulant SPS will neutralize effect of SPS
A
1% gelatin
11
Q
Anticoagulant SPS will inhibit growth of
A
Negative VMA
Neisseria
G. vaginalis
S. monoliformis
P. anaerobious
12
Q
Other anticoagulants:
A
- Sodium amylosulfate
- Heparin
- 0.5-1% Sodium citrate
13
Q
additive that CANNOT BE USED FOR BLOOD CULTURE
A
EDTA
14
Q
BLOOD CULTURE
Heparin is usually used for
A
- viral agents
- capable of inhibiting gram (-) bacteria and yeast
15
Q
Specimen used for the detection of Respiratory Tract Infection
A
Sputum
16
Q
Sputum must be handled in
A
BSC Cabinet (BSL-3)
17
Q
Specimen retrieved for Sputum Culture
A
Deep Cough 5-10 mL
18
Q
Poor collection of sputum is confirmed in presence of
A
Alveolar macrophange
Columnar cells
19
Q
Sterile sputum
A
Centrifugation –> process
20
Q
Non-sterile sputum undergoes
A
Digestion - Decontamination - centri -process
21
Q
BARTLETT’S CLASSIFICATION
Saliva
A
> 10
< 25 PMN
22
Q
BARTLETT’S CLASSIFICATION
Sputum
A
< 10 PMN
> 25 PMN
23
Q
Sputum Gold Standard sterilization
A
Digestion: n-acetyl-l-cysteine
Decontamination: NaOH
24
Q
Other decontamination agent for Sputum
A
5 % oxalic acid
Sputolysin
Zephiran Trisodium Phosphate
4% NaOH
25
generally for aerobic bacteria, least preferred for anaerobic culture
SWAB
26
Major throat pathogen
S. pyogenes
27
SWAB
Clinical Significance of S.pyogenes
Pharyngitis
scarlet fever
erysipelas
28
SWAB
Virulence factor of S.pyogenes
M protein
29
SWAB
M protein of S.pyogenes is encoded by what gene
emm gene
30
SWAB
Major throat normal flora
Viridans Strep
31
SWAB
Viridans strep.
Hemolysis =
Optochin =
Neufeld Quellung's Test =
Bile Esculin =
Hemolysis = Alpha
Optochin = Resistant
Neufeld Quellung's Test = Neg
Bile Esculin = Neg
32
Major throat flora: Viridans strep causes
SBE
Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis
33
NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB to detect
B. pertussis
34
B. pertussis is a carrier state of
N.meningitis (5-29 yrs old)
H. influenzae
SAR-CoV
MRSA
35
NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB uses materials like (3)
- Dacron
- Rayon
- Calcium alginate
36
NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB that is toxic to Neisseria
Cotton
37
NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB that is toxic to VIRUSES
Calcium alginate
38
NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB
Always a pathogen
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
39
NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB
- Can be a normal flora
- Nasopharyngeal positive result can be non-significant
Neisseria meningitidis
40
manner of collection is thru LUMBAR TAP
CSF
41
CSF Sequence of Tube Collection
Tube 1: CC
Tube 2 : Microbio
Tube 2: Hema
42
CSF Specimen Handling
Storage Temp:
Transport Temp:
Storage Temp: 37
Transport Temp: 25-30
43
CSF Specimen must be refrigerated
false
44
CSF culture media
BAP
CAP
45
CSF usual pathogens
I Love SPAM
H. influenzae
Listeria
S. pneumoniae
S. agalactiae
N. meningitidis
46
– to detect enteric pathogens
Stool
47
Stool culture media
SSA
EMB
MacConkey Agar
48
Alternative Specimen for enteric pathogen
Rectal Swab
49
STOOL
Common pathogen
Shige Enter Viber Col JeSa
Shigella
Enterocolitica
Vibrio
E.coli
C. jejuni
Salmonella
50
submitted to detect UTI, usual request is culture, colony count, and sensitivity
URINE
51
URINE
Most common cause of UTI
E.coli
52
Most common cause of UTI in young females
S. saprophyticus
53
Urine must be processed within
1 hr or refrigerated for 24 hrs
54
URINE
Preferred manner of collection:
Mid-stream clean catch
55
URINE
Mode collection if patients are infants/ children
SUPRAPUBIC urine
56
URINE COLONY COUNT Formula
Colonies counted x Dilution
57
URINE COLONY COUNT
Use of ________________CALIBRATED LOOP
1uL/10uL
58
URINE COLONY COUNT
Dilution factor is 1000 using
1 uL
59
URINE COLONY COUNT
Dilution factor is 100 using
10 ul loop
60
URINE Colony count >100,000
positive for UTI
61
specimen to collect if the patient is intubated /on a ventilator
Endotracheal aspirate
62
Type of Culture Media
Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar
(fungi
General purpose
63
Type of Culture Media
Carrot Broth
Enrichment media
64
Type of Culture Media
Alkaline peptone water
Enrichment media
65
Type of Culture Media
HEA, XLD, TCBS
Differential Media
66
Type of Media
Transgrow
Transport Media
67
Type of Media
TSI, LIA, ONPG, Urea agar, Simmon Citrate Agar
Biochemical Test
68
Motility Test Media
SIM and MIO
69
Type of Media
Bacteroides , Bile Esculin, KVLB (Kanamycin Vancomycin Lake Blod)
Media for Anaerobes
70
A device that encloses a workspace
BIOSAFETY CABINET
71
HEPA filter can remove objects larger than
0.3 um
72
system is entirely open, sterilizes air to be exhausted; least effective
CLASS I
73
a.k.a laminar flow, the type that is used in most laboratories
CLASS II
74
exhaust air inside the room
70% of air is recirculated
BSC CLASS IIA
75
exhaust air outside the building
BSC CLASS IIB
76
- most effective with gloves attached & sealed to the cabinet
- entirely closed system
CLASS III
77
Poses MINIMAL risk to lab personnel
BSL-1
78
BSL-1 : Precautions
Practice standard Laboratory Techniques
79
BSL-1: Agents
B.subtilis
M.gordonae
E. aerogenes
80
Poses MODERATE risk to staff
through ingestion, mucous membrane, percutaneous exposure
laboratory acquired infections
BSL-2
81
BSL-2: Precautions
- Agent from BSL-1
- Warning Signs
- Wearing of Gown, gloves, or face shields
- Decontamination of waste
82
BSL-2 : Agents
Shigella
Salmonella
S.aureus
HBV
HIV
83
Poses HIGH Risk
acquired through INHALATION
Aerosol transmission
BSL-3
84
BSL-3 : Precautions
- Sustainable airflow
- Wearing of PPE
85
BSL-3: Agents
Systemic Mycoses
M. tuberculosis
Coxiella burnetiid
St. Louis Encephalitis virus
86
Poses EXTREME RISK
Causes life threatening diseases
BSL-4
87
BSL-4: Precautions
- laboratory must be situated in a different building
- Full body PPE
88
complete destruction and removal of all forms of all microbial life INCLUDING THE SPORE
Sterilization
89
Sterilization:
Physical
Use of moist heat
Use of dry heat
Filtration
Ionizing radiation
90
Sterilization:
Chemical
chemical sterilants (biocides)
- Ethylene oxide
91
STERILIZATION
Physical - Moist of Heat: (3)
Autoclaving
Inspiration
Tyndallization
92
STERILIZATION
Physical - Dry Heat: (4)
Oven
Cremation
Incineration
Flaming
93
STERILIZATION
Physical - Filtration (3)
Millipore
Nucleopore
HEPA filter
94
STERILIZATION
Physical - Ionizing radiation
exposure to gamma rays
95
destruction and removal of
pathogens but not necessarily all microorganisms and their spores
Disinfection
96
DISINFECTION
Physical (2)
Boiling
Pasteurization
Exposure to UV rays
97
DISINFECTION
Chemical (2)
Disinfectant
Antiseptics
98
STERILIZATION done through
Steam under pressure (Autoclave)
99
121 deg 15-30mins 15 psi
sterilizing use and unused media
100
121 deg 30mins 15 psi
for contaminated materials
101
132 deg 30-60mins
for infectious medical waste
102
protein particles causing neurological diseases in animals and man
NOT KILLED BY AUTOCLAVING
PRIONS
103
Prions causes
Borine Spongiform Encelopathy
Mad Cow Disease
Creutzfeldt Jakob Syndrome
104
Process to do To Eliminate Prions
Extended steam sterilization in
conjunction with 1M SODIUM HYPCHLORITE
105
100 degC 30 mins 3 days
TYNDALLIZATION
106
75-80 degC 2 hrs for 3 days
INSPISSATION
107
Recommended in sterilizing media with increased
protein such as Loweinstein Jensen, Petragnani, ATS
INSPISSATION
108
Arnold sterilizer and flowing steam
TYNDALLIZATION
109
Thickening Through Evaporation
INSPISSATION
110
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Autoclave
(Geo)Bacillus stearrothermophilus
111
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Oven
Bacillus subtilis var niger
112
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Ionizing radiation
Bacillus pumilus
113
BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR
Ethylene oxide
Bacillus subtilis var. globijii
114
Standard disinfectant:
PHENOL
115
Best to remove blood spills
Sodium hypochlorite
116
CDC recommends ______ dilution for porous surfaces
1:10 dilution
117
dilution for hard surfaces, smooth surfaces
1:100
118
Disinfection contact time to remove HBV
10 minutes
119
Disinfection contact time to remove HIV
2 minutes
120
Commonly used antiseptic:
70% alcohol
121
Best antiseptic
IODOPHOR
122
Burning of infectious materials into ashes
INCINERATION
123
Burning of body into ashes
CREMATION
124
Incubator, water bath,
refrigerator
Freezer, heating block
Monitor temperature daily
125
Autoclave
Monitor spore at least weekly
126
Autoclave temperature
Daily
127
GASPAK jar
Check every use
128
Centrifuge function/ rpm
Every 6 months / monthly
129
Microscopes
Clean and adjust objectives 4 times annually / as needed
130
Weighing balance
Check annually
