Past Paper 2022 MCQ’s Flashcards
(25 cards)
Target HbA1c for an adult with type one diabetes
Less than 6.5%
What is not a symptom of DKA?
Hypokalaemia
What is the target blood glucose on waking in type one diabetics?
4–7 mmol/L
What is the most appropriate first line management for a 58-year-old male newly diagnosed with type two and a HbA1c of 52?
Metformin
Most appropriate management for a patient with diabetes needing treatment for leaking blood vessels and diabetic retinopathy
Laser treatment
What is not a sign or symptom of Cushing’s syndrome?
Hypertension as it causes hypertension
What type of patient receiving steroids would not require osteoporosis prophylaxis?
Someone who is on a single short course of steroids
Osteoporosis prophylaxis is generally recommended if a patient is on oral glucocorticoids equivalent to prednisolone <5mg daily for three months or more
FRAX score of >3
Which side-effect of carbimazole would require immediate referral?
Sore throat as this can be a sign of aranulocytosis, which is life-threatening
What is not symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Constipation
What are side-effect effects of hypothyroidism?
Anxiety
Bulging eyes
Fine trimmer
Tachycardia
What is a sign/symptom of Cushing’s syndrome?
Depression
Facial rounding and fullness
Hyperglyceridemia
Immunosuppression
What is the most appropriate treatment for a 69-year-old male with an itchy rash whilst being treated for hypothyroidism with carbimazole?
Propylthiouracil
Is a second line treatment for hypothyroidism
A 50-year-old man who lives with benign prostatic hyperplasia and it causes a frequency increased and urgency of urination. His internal prostate symptom score is 12. what is the most appropriate initial treatment?
Tamsulosin– alpha blocker that relaxes blood and muscles
Mechanisms of sildenefil
Increased levels of cGM leads to smooth muscle reaction = erection
Sildenafil acts as a competitive binding agent
Does not resemble nitro oxide
Is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine
Requires a release of nitro oxide to cause erection
What is the name of the chemotherapy that is used before surgery to decrease the size of tumor?
Neoadjuvant
What is the name of the chemotherapy that is used after surgery?
Adjuvant
What is the name of the chemotherapy that eradicate?
Curative
What is the name of the chemotherapy to relieve symptoms?
Palliative
A 45-year-old woman is known to get anticipatory nausea and vomiting before chemotherapy. What is the most appropriate?
Lorazepam – reduces anxiety and is anti-nausea for an anticipatory nausea
What is not a catabolic process?
Lipogenesis
What best describes the morphological changes observed in cancer cells
Neoplasia = abnormal and uncontrolled growth
What is atrophy?
Shrinkage
What is dysplasia?
Disordered growth – pre-cancerous
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in the number of normal cells
