Types Of Cancer Mutations And Viral Oncogenesis W6

Question 1

What are the two types of tumour

Answer 1

Benign and malignant

Question 2

Benign tumour

Answer 2

Grow slow

Well, differentiated

Does not invade

Does not metastasise

Usually not life-threatening

Question 3

Malignant tumour

Answer 3

Fast growing

Poorly differentiated

Invades

Metastasises

Can be life-threatening

Question 4

Carcinoma

Answer 4

Most common type of cancer

Arise from cells that cover external and internal body surfaces (epithelial)

Question 5

Sarcomas

Answer 5

From cells in supporting tissues of the body such as bone and fat

Highly malignant

Question 6

Lymphomas

Answer 6

Cancers that arise in the lymph node and tissues of the bodies immune system

Question 7

LeukaemiaS

Answer 7

Cancers of the immature white blood cells

Question 8

How is cancer staged?

Answer 8

Site of primary tumour
It’s size
How far it has invaded
Has it spread to regional lymph nodes
Has it metastasized

Question 9

As we age…

Answer 9

The chance of mutations increase

Question 10

Viruses that can cause cancer

Answer 10

DNA viruses (HPV, EBV)

RNA viruses (HCV)

Question 11

What are the two viral mechanisms of carcinogenesis

Answer 11

Direct and indirect

Question 12

Direct mechanism

Answer 12

Virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell’s DNA.

virus is acting from within the cell that will form the tumour

Question 13

Indirect mechanism

Answer 13

Virus causes chronic inflammation or immunosuppression, which can increase the risk of cancer.

virus is acting from outside the cell that will form the tumour.

Question 14

Causes of DNA mutations

Answer 14

1. Mistakes in DNA rep
2. nucleareotides undergo chemical changes spontaneously
3. Mutagenic agents
4. Viruses

Question 15

Can one mutation cause cancer

Answer 15

No

3-20 mutations are are required

Question 16

morphological cel changes that occur in cancer promotions and progression

Answer 16

Atrophy

Hyperplasia

dysplasia

neoplasia

Hypertrophy

Question 17

atrophy

Answer 17

Decrease in cell size or number, leading to tissue shrinkage.

Ie muscle wasting in age

Question 18

Hyperplasia

Answer 18

Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ,

Question 19

Dysplasia

Answer 19

Abnormal development or growth of cells, characterized by changes in size, shape, and organization

Question 20

Neoplasia

Answer 20

The formation of a new and abnormal growth of tissue

Question 21

Hypertrophy

Answer 21

Increase in the size of individual cells, leading to larger tissues or organs.

Question 22

Tumorogenesis

Answer 22

Normal cells transforms into cancerous cells leading to a tumour (malignant or benign)

Question 23

Carcinogenesis

Answer 23

Normal cells transforms into cancerous cells leading to a malignant tumour