Energy balance and obesity W1

Question 1

Energy balance for weight loss

Answer 1

Less food intake and more energy expenditure (exercise)

Question 2

Energy balance for weight gain

Answer 2

More energy intake and less energy expenditure

Question 3

What percentage of energy intake is used for heat loss?

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

What percentage of energy intake is for digestion/absorption?

Answer 4

5 to 10%

Question 5

What is the rest of the energy intake used for?

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

physiological factors that regulate food intake

Answer 6

Hormones, peptides, energy stores, stomach distension, BG levels

Question 7

Genetic factors that regulate food intake

Answer 7

Leptin, MC4R

Question 8

Social factors that regulate food intake

Answer 8

Lifestyle, work

Question 9

How many calories per day could produce 2 kg of weight gain per year?

Answer 9

50 kcal per day

Question 10

What is leptin?

Answer 10

Sensor of body fat that reduces food intake And is produced by adipose issues

Question 11

What are the two groups of neurons that have opposing actions in Lepton’s targets in the hypothalamus

Answer 11

Neuropeptide (NPY)and agouti related peptide (AGRP)

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH)

Question 12

Neuropeptide (NPY)and agouti related peptide (AGRP)

Answer 12

Work together to increase food intake and decrease energy expenditure

Energy in is increased energy out is decreased

You are more hungry

Activated by reduced leptin

Question 13

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH)

Answer 13

Work together to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure

Question 14

Leptin deficiency

Answer 14

Very rare
Genetic mutation
Diagnosed in childhood
No signal os always hungry
Severe early onset obesity

Resistance is more common
- level of leptin are high in obese but the brain stop responding to “I’m full” signals

Question 15

Lipton levels linked with obesity

Answer 15

> fat = >leptin

Question 16

What is BMR?

Answer 16

Basil, metabolic rate

The amount of energy suspended by the body to maintain physiological functions over a period of 24 hours

Question 17

Inheritability of obesity

Answer 17

Can be as high as 30 to 40%

Question 18

Gene disorders of obesity

Answer 18

Single gene disorders approximately 200 associated with obesity

Question 19

Body mass index

Answer 19

Weight in kilograms/height in metres squared

Question 20

Underweight BMI

Answer 20

< 18.5

Question 21

Desirable BMI

Answer 21

18.5 to 24.9

Question 22

Overweight BMI

Answer 22

25 to 29.9

Question 23

Grade one moderately obese BMI

Answer 23

30 to 34.9

Question 24

Grade 2 severely obese BMI

Answer 24

35 to 39.9

Question 25

Grade 3 morbidly obese BMI

Answer 25

>40

Question 26

How many people in England are overweight or obese?

Answer 26

Over 68% adult men Over 59% adult women

Question 27

Overweight children in the UK

Answer 27

One and five children in reception are overweight or obese One and three children in year six is overweight or obese

Question 28

Complications associated with obesity

Answer 28

Hypertension (high blood pressure) Coronary artery disease Type 2 diabetes Asthma worsening Cancer Infertility Pregnancy complications

Question 29

Weight management UK recommendations

Answer 29

Reduce energy intake by 600 kcal a day Healthy balanced diet 150 minutes of more activity per week