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Question 1

SOD

Answer 1

converts O2 into H2O2

Question 2

gluthathione peroxidase

Answer 2

converts OH- into H2O2

Question 3

catalase (perozisomes)

Answer 3

converts H2O2 into H20 and O2

Question 4

Bcl-2

Answer 4

inhibits apoptosis

Question 5

what are the stages of apoptosis

Answer 5

condensation of chromatin
membrane blebbing
cellular fragmentation
formation of apoptotic bodies
phagocytosis of apoptotic cell

Question 6

extrinisc apoptotic pathway

Answer 6

Fas lingand binds with TNF receptor activating adaptor proteins, which activate initiator caspases

Question 7

cytochronce c

Answer 7

stimulates initiator capases

Question 8

endonucleases

Answer 8

break down DNA

Question 9

acetaminophin

Answer 9

highly reactive quione metabolite that reacts with protein, DNA and causes O2 stress

Question 10

CCl4

Answer 10

reacts with membrane and ER

Question 11

cyanide

Answer 11

blocks oxidative phosphorylatin in mitochondira

Question 12

dystropic calcium looks like

Answer 12

fine white granules or gritty deposites seen in areas of injury and necrosis

Question 13

when is dystrophic calcification found

Answer 13

damaged heart valves, TB lymph nodes.

Question 14

what does dystrophic calcification cause

Answer 14

organ dysfunction

Question 15

what is the serum Ca+ levels with dystrophic calcification

Answer 15

normal

Question 16

when does metatstic calcifcation take place

Answer 16

increase PTH
incrased osetolysis
vit D disorder
renal failure

Question 17

What causes increased vascular permeability

Answer 17

vasoactive amines
C3a, C5a, 
bradykine
leukotrines
PAF
substance P

Question 18

what causes chemotaxis and leukocyte activation

Answer 18

C5a
leukotrine
B4
chemokines
TNF
IL1

Question 19

chemotaxis

Answer 19

directed movement along chemical graident toward injury

directs leukocytes to site of injury

Question 20

cytokines

Answer 20

locally acting cell to cell mediats

important for inflammation

Question 21

pyogenic

Answer 21

bacteria that results in the development of purulent inflammation

Question 22

serosanguineous

Answer 22

serous but with RBCs (makes it red) form of exudate

Question 23

suppurative

Answer 23

to produce pus

Question 24

vasoactive amines

Answer 24

cell mediator that results in incraesed permeability of postcapillary venules
effects are immediate but transient

Question 25

plasmin/lysosomal enzymes (complement)

Answer 25

cleavage to form C5a, c4a, c3a, c3b, C5-9

Question 26

functino of C3a, C4a, C5a

Answer 26

anaphylatoxin | stimulate histamine release

Question 27

function of C5a

Answer 27

chemotaxis

Question 28

functino of C3b

Answer 28

oposinizatino

Question 29

Lt B4

Answer 29

chemoattractant causing PMN aggregatino adhesion to endothlial cells generation of ROS release of lysosomes

Question 30

Lipoxin A4 and B4

Answer 30

inhibit leukocyte recruitment

Question 31

neuropeptides

Answer 31

transmit pain signals regulat BP stimulate endocrine secretion increase vascular permeability

Question 32

mast cell/basophils

Answer 32

contain vasoactive amines that are relased in acute inflammation

Question 33

endothlial cells

Answer 33

contract to make blood vessels leakier | express E selectin which enhances later recruitment of leukocytes

Question 34

ICAM-1 binds to

Answer 34

LPA-1 Mac1

Question 35

dehiscnes

Answer 35

closed wound splits open

Question 36

stricture

Answer 36

narrowing of a body passage caused by a wound contracture in hollow viscera

Question 37

fibronectin

Answer 37

crosslinks with collagen to provide tensile strength to allow for wounds to fully close

Question 38

MMP

Answer 38

degrades basement membrane and disrupts cell to cell contact

Question 39

selectins

Answer 39

help with leukocyte rolling

Question 40

myeloperoxidase

Answer 40

converts H2O2 into HOCl

Question 41

respiratory burst

Answer 41

imporant in generation of microbicidal activity

Question 42

beta 2 integin

Answer 42

help with firm adhesion to leukocytes to epithelial cells

Question 43

interferon gamma

Answer 43

secreted from lyphocytes, stimulates monocytes and macrophages, helps them go from macrophage to epitheloid cells to giant cells

Question 44

pyrogens

Answer 44

TNG and IL1

Question 45

glucocorticoids

Answer 45

inhibit wound healing by impariing collagen sysnthesis