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physio 3 last minute Flashcards

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1
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

post synaptic autoimmune that blocks nicoitinic Ach

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2
Q

eaton-lambert syndrome

A

pre synaptic autoimmune on voltage gated Ca++ channels

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3
Q

botulinum toxin

A

pre synapic cleavage of SNAR proteins on synaptic vesicles

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4
Q

alpha bungarotoxin

A

post synaptic binding to nictonic Ach receptim

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5
Q

hemicholinium

A

inhibitss choline transport

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6
Q

what is the rate limiting step of catelones

A

tyrosine to DOPA

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7
Q

vesamicol

A

inhibits VAT

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8
Q

reseprine

A

inhibits VMAT

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9
Q

botulinum

A

inactiates VAMP fusion proteins

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10
Q

bretylium

A

inhibits VAMP

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11
Q

neostigmine

A

inhibits acetylcholinesterase

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12
Q

coacine and tricyclic antidepressent

A

inhibit NET

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13
Q

corticosterios

A

inhibit ENT

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14
Q

What are muscarinic recetpors

A

G protein coupled

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15
Q

M1 and M3

A

Gq proteins that increase Ca concen and activate PKC

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16
Q

M2

A

Gi protein that decreases cAMP concentration and PKA activity

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17
Q

nicotiniic recetpors

A

ACH dependent Na/K channels

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18
Q

alpha 1 receptor

A

activates phosphlipase C, increase IP3, DAG, PKC

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19
Q

alpha 2 receptor

A

inhibit adenylyl cyclan, decrease cAMP and PKA activity

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20
Q

beta recetpor

A

activat adenyly cyclase, increase cAMP and PKA

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21
Q

what does alpha 1 cause

A

constriction

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22
Q

what does alpha 2 cause

A

decrease insulin secretion, platete aggregation, transmitter release

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23
Q

What does beta 1 cause

A

increase HR (and other stuff in heart), increase renine release

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24
Q

What does beta 2 cause

A

dilation, relaxatino of uterus, insuline secretion, glycogenolysis

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25
What is happening during P wave
atrial depolarization
26
What is happening during T wave
ventricular repolarization
27
What is happening during ST segment
plateau phase of ventricular AP
28
What is happening in QT interval
ventiruclar AP duration
29
What does long PR interval mean
blood in AV conductino, atrial hypertrophy
30
What does short PR interval mean
secondary pacemaker activity
31
What does very large and wide QRS in otherwise normal EKG
PVC
32
What does P wave without subsequent QRS mean
secondary AV block
33
What does QRS with no P mean
tertiary AV block
34
How does a decreased bp affect ADH
increase ADH release, get renal retention of water
35
How does a decreased bp affect ANP release
decrease release, decrease in water and Na loss
36
How does low bp affect GFR
GFR decreases due to less blood flowing into golomerli, cause water retention
37
How does low bp affect sympathetic tone
increase
38
how does low bp affect angiotension aldosterone
increases angiotension II
39
what does angiotensin II do
increase water resportion, thirt, and vasoconstriction
40
Haptoglobin
binds free Hb that can enter the plasma after the lysis o ferthryocytes and trasport them to the liver for recycling of iron
41
Where is TPO secreted from
liver and bone marrow
42
Where is EPO produced by
kidneys
43
What does carbonic anhydrase do
coverts CO2 and water into bicarb for transprot back to lungs
44
MCV
average volume of RBCs in blood
45
is erthropeiosis regulated
yes
46
What are the componenets of the anticoagulation system
thrombin.thrombomodulin compelx, protein C, protein S, tissue factor inhibitor, antithrombin, and heparin sulphate
47
heparin
binds to antithrombin, increases speed at which it degrades, inactivates thrombin.
48
what does thrombin/thrombodulin complex reduce coagulation
these complexes bind to and activate protein C. APC interacts with prtoeitn S and this complex inactivates factors Va and VIIIa
49
PAI
removal and deactivation of tPA to prevent removal of fibrin clots
50
type II cell
produce surfant
51
type I cell
cover 90-95% of slveolar surface
52
equatino for laplace's law
P = 2x surface tension/radius
53
what is the consent for O2 binding capcity
1.34
54
How do you calculat O2 content
1.34 x SaO2 + dissolved O2
55
What is SaO2
% of heme groups bounds to O2
56
How do you calculate O2 deilver
Cardic ouput x ((Hbx 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003))
57
shift to the R
weaker binding, O2 lets go easilyu
58
shift to L
tighter binding, O2 doesn't let go
59
What does fever cause
right shift
60
what does decrease pH cause
right shift
61
haldane effect
higher PO2 will shift the CO2 equilbrium down and to the right
62
What are peripheral chemorecetpros most senstive to
O2
63
What are central chemorecetpros most senstive to
CO2 and change in pH
64
Pre bot
pacemaker
65
DRG
acts on diaphragm and external intercostal
66
pneumotax
inhibits DRG
67
where is voluntary control
cererbral cortex
68
spinal nerves
7, 9, 10, 11, 12
69
kissmaul's breathign
relentless, rapid, and deep breathing
70
when is kussmauls breathing found
metabolic acidosis
71
cheyne stokes breathin
ventilary oscillation with long cycle times
72
when in sheyne stokes found
stroke, encephalopathy, heart failure
73
biots breathing
groups of quick shallow inspirations folowed by apnea
74
when is biots breathing found
medullary trauma, stroke
75
what is ARDS assocaited with
sepsis, aspiration of gastric acid
76
how do you diagnose ARDS
decrease in PaO2 that is refractory to supplemental O2 therapy
77
key pathogolical feautres of ARDS
noncardiogenic pulomary edema atelectsais fibrosis

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