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physio 4 last minute Flashcards

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1
Q

what leaves the proximal tubule

A

Na, Cl, HCO3, K, H2O, glucose, amino acids

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2
Q

What enters the proximal tubule

A

H+, organic acids and bases

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3
Q

waht enters the thin descending loop of henle

A

Na, Cl, urea

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4
Q

what leaves the thin descending loop of henle

A

H2O

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5
Q

what leaves thick ascending loop of henle

A

Na, Cl, Ca++, K, HCO3, Mg++

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6
Q

What enters the thick ascending loop of henle

A

H

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7
Q

What leaves early distal tubule

A

Na, Cl

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8
Q

What leaves the late distal tubule/collecting duct

A

Na, ADH, H2O, urea, HCO3

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9
Q

What enters the late distal tubual and collecting duckt

A

K< H

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10
Q

How does loop diuretic work

A

blocks Na/K/Cl pump on thick ascending loop of henle

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11
Q

what does loop diuretic cause

A

increase flow of fluid into the late distale tubule, causes K+ secretion to increase

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12
Q

how does thiasine work

A

inhibits NaCl- reabsorptin in early tubule, inhibits water reabortion

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13
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

Backward flow of urine into ureters during bladder contraction. Enlarges ureters. Increases chances of kidney infection.

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14
Q

ureteronrenal reflex

A

Stone blocks ureter, sensory afferents from ureter cause reflex and constriction of renal arterioles. This decreases fluid flow from that kidney

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15
Q

what is micturtition reflex iniated by

A

bladder stretch receptors

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16
Q

what can inhibit the micturition reflex

A

cortical and suprapotine cetners in brain

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17
Q

what is symphathetic storage reflex initaed by

A

bladder discending, afferent activity

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18
Q

what is somatic storage reflex initiated by

A

sudden increase in bladder pressure

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19
Q

what is somatic storage reflex inhibited by

A

micturiation

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20
Q

myogenic mechanism

A

constriction of afferent arterior to decrease hydrostatic pressure

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21
Q

myogenic mechanism minimized damage to what

A

glomerular caps

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22
Q

tubulglomerular feedback mechanism

A

renale bp increase ,increases RBf and GFR

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23
Q

what does adenosine inhibit

A

renin

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24
Q

inhibition of renin causes what

A

low bp

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25
what is renin released from
sympahtetic stimulation of beta1adrenergic receptors on granular cells and renal barorreceptor cells in kidney
26
what does angiotensin ii do to adrenal cortex
increases aldosterone secreteion
27
how does angiotensin ii affect proximal tubular sodium reabsoption
increass
28
how does PTH affect kdiney
increase renal tubular Ca++ reabsoprtion, reduces proximal tubular reaborption of phophate
29
what stimulates FGF23 production
vit D hormone | elevated P
30
how does FGF23 affect kidney
decreases reabsorption of phosphate | decreass production of calcitriol
31
how does PTH affect calcitriol
increases prodcution
32
how does constrictin effect artierl affect GFR
increases
33
how does constrcting afferent arteriole affect GFR
decrease
34
what force favors filtration
cap hydrostatic pressure
35
what force opposes filtration
cap oncotic | hydrostatic pressure in bowmans
36
what moves Na out of lumen
Na-H antipoerter
37
how does proximal tubular move Na into interstitial fluid
Na/K pump
38
how does glucose move into proximal tubule
active transport w/ Na
39
how does glucose leave tubule
facilitated diffusion
40
how does amino acid enter and leave tubule
same way as glucose
41
how is GFR affected by renal disease
decreases
42
low GFR has what affect on creatinine
high serum creatinine
43
is distal convoluted tubule permeable to urea?
no
44
how does ethanol affect ADH
decreases secretion
45
how does morphine affect ADH
increases secretion
46
where is most K reabsorbed
end of thick ascending limb of loop of henle
47
what stimulates release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
high K
48
how does alkalosis affect Na/KATP pump
stimulates
49
how does ADH affect pericytes
vasoconstricts | decreases blood flow
50
how is the ADH half life
short
51
median eminence
part of hypothalamus where portal vessels aris
52
parts of portal circulation btwn hypothalamus and ant. pituation
primary plexus, median eminince
53
what does FSH do in men
stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibit
54
what does testosterone have neg. feedback on
GnRH, LH, FSH
55
inhibin B
secreted into blood, selectively inhibits FSH production
56
how does LH binding to receptors on leydig cell affect cAMP
increases
57
function of dihydrotestosteone
differentiation/maturation of external genitalia. Adult prostatic disease. Increased hair follicle growth during puberty
58
what causes release of CT
increased plasma Ca, also gastrin
59
what function does CT have in pregnancy
protects moms bone from excess Ca loss during pregnancy
60
what happens when CRH binds to receptor on an. pit
exocytosis of ACTH which binds to MC2R on plasma membrane of adrenal cortex
61
what is cholesterone to prenenolone limited by
ACTH
62
how does cortisole affect norep. and ep.
induces expression of receptors for them
63
how can adrenal adenoma cause cushing
hypersecretion of cortisol and neg feedback so low ACTH
64
what is addison's caused by
autoimmune destrcution of adrenal cortex sones
65
what are the alb values for addisons
ACTH and CRH high
66
symptoms of addisons
Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, wt loss, hyperpigmentation,
67
progestorn eand inhibin A have neg feedback on what
gonadotropins from ant pit
68
vagal stimulation of insuline
acetylcholine activates M3 receptors and increases intracellular Ca
69
how does beta adrenergic stimulation affect insulin
amplifies secretion
70
how does alpha adrenergic stimulation affect insuline
inhibit release
71
where is Glut 4 located
skeletal muscle | adipose
72
where is glut 2 located
pancreased b cell | liver/kidnye/gut
73
what does glut 4 cause
insulin mediated uptake of glucose
74
what does glut 2 cause
insulin release
75
what produced IAPP
b cells
76
function of IAPP
Decreases glucagon secretion, inhibits GI motility, regulates appetite
77
when is GLP1 secreted
inresponse to meal
78
functino of GLP1
insulin amplifer

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