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physio 2 last minute Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

When does effective refractory period take place

A

phase 0 to halfway to 3

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2
Q

What happens if you have an AP in relative refractory period

A

v-fib

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3
Q

What do nodal cells NOT have

A

sodium channels

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4
Q

What layer of the heart gets innervated first

A

inner most

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5
Q

Functino of purkinje

A

innervates ventricular mycotes, make sure that they all contract together

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6
Q

Hyperkalium

A

K doesnt want to move out, so the cell is depolarized. funny sodoim channels don’t open as well and HR slows down

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7
Q

How do Ca+ blockers work

A

reduce conduction through AV node, because they don’t have fast sodium channels

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8
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of atrial cells (1-2 small boxes)

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9
Q

QRS

A

depolarization of ventricular cells (3-5 small bozes)

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10
Q

Why does Q wave have a down tick?

A

septal depolarization

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11
Q

T wave

A

ventricule repolarization

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12
Q

PR

A

atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

ST segment

A

plataue phase of ventircular myocytes, ventricular contraction

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14
Q

QT interval

A

all electral events of ventircles

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15
Q

1st degree AV block

A

extra long PR, everthing else is normall

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16
Q

2nd degree AV block

A

p waves w/o QRS

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17
Q

3rd degree AV block

A

QRS without P waes

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18
Q

MI

A

elevated/lengthened ST, larger Q

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19
Q

3 waves in atrial pressure curve

A

A, C, V

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20
Q

C wave casued by

A

AV valves pushed into atria becasue of ventricular contraction

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21
Q

V wave

A

filling of atria, ventricle contraction

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22
Q

Where is the lowest point of veanous pressure

A

vena cava

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23
Q

Where is pulse pressure the fastest

A

arterioles

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24
Q

How do you caclulate SV

A

left end of diastole - left end of systole

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25
s1
AV closure, isovolumic contraction
26
S2
semilunar valves, isobolumic relazation
27
Splitting during inhalation
normal
28
SPlitting during exhalation
problem, you are hearing pulmonary first
29
S3 in baby or old person
normal
30
When are you hearing in S3
during rapid filling
31
When are you hearing S4
right before S1
32
WHat do you innervate during increased force of contraction
sympahtetics, secrete epi, bind to beta 1 recetpros, increase Ca++ permeability
33
What do B1 receptors on SA node do
increase rate
34
isovolumic contraction V/A
ventricular contract | atrial relax
35
rapid ejection V/A
ventricular contract | atria relax
36
reduced ejection V/A
ventrciular contract | atrial relax
37
isobolumic relax V/A
venti releax | atrial relex
38
rapid filling V/A
ventral relax | atrial releax
39
reduced filling V/A
ventircular relax | atrial releax
40
atrial systeol V/A
ventrial relax | atrial relax
41
isobolumic contraction valve
both closed
42
radid ejection valves
AV closed | P./A open
43
reduced ejection valves
AV closed | P/A open
44
isovolumic relax valves
both clsoed
45
rapid filling valves
AV open | P/A cloed
46
reduced filling valves
AV open | P/A clsoed
47
atrial systeol vavles
AV open | P/A closed
48
isovolumic contraction pressue
LV - pressure rising | aorta - pressure falling
49
rapid jection pressure
LV - rising | aorta - rising
50
reduced ejection pressure
LV -falling | aorta -falling
51
isovolumic relax pressure
LV -falling | aorta - falling with uptick
52
rapid filling pressure
LV -falling | aorta - falling
53
reudced filling pressure
LV -rising | aorta -falling
54
atrail systeol pressure
LV - rising | aorta - falling
55
preload
how much/ how fast blood comes back to heart
56
agterload
aortic pressur
57
What happens when more blood is pumped out by right heart
more blood comes into left heart, more gets pumped out
58
changes in contrability are independt of ____
volumn
59
increased in contracbility
upward shift of afterload curve, increased SV
60
decreased ocntrability
downward shift of afterlaod curve, decreased SV
61
How can you get increased mean system filling pressure
increased blood volumne, vasoconstrictino, vneous massage
62
What does positive inotrope cause
increased force of contraction, SV
63
What happens during exercise
LVEDV increased, LVESV decreases, SV increases, CO increases
64
Atrial pressure regulation is ____ of local blood flow or CO controls
independt
65
tension
change in pressue x radius
66
resistance
change in pressure / flow
67
What has higher resistance right or left heart
left
68
What contains the highest volume of blood
venous circuit
69
What does decrease in O2 cause
vasodiliation
70
What does build up of CO2 cause
vasodiliation
71
What does build up of adenosine cause
vasodiliation
72
What are things that can lead to edema
decreased colloid osmotic pressure, icnreased cap hydrostatic, lyumph obstructino, inflammatino in cap wall
73
When is LV perfusion max
during diastole
74
Wall tension
pressure x radius
75
What are some thigns that can happen w/ bigger heaarts
greater radius, greater wall tension, decreased perfusion
76
What is the most frequent place for MI
subendocardial arterial plexus
77
What can increased HR cause
increased metabolism, hypoxia, increased ATP turnover, increased vasodilaition
78
Vasodilaition
inhibits alpha1 recetpros, SANS
79
vasoconstriction
activates alpha1 receptors, SANS
80
increase HR
activate B1 recetpros
81
decrease HR
activate cardioinhibitory center, stimulate vagus, PANS
82
increase contrability
activate B1 recetpor, SANS
83
decrease contrabtilibyt
activate cardioinhibitory center, stimulate vagus, PANS
84
What are the major determinates of plasma osmotlati
Na, CL, HCO3, BUN ,glocuse
85
What is the function of albumin
colloid osmotic pressure
86
hydoalbumina
decreased osmotic pressue
87
What does TPO stimulate
platelt production
88
What does EPO stimulate
proudciton of RBCs
89
Steps in erthyopeaus
erythroid progenitorys, erythroblasts, immature erythrmocytes, mature RBCs
90
congeital polyctenia
VHL gene muated, way too much HIF1alpha, too many RBCs

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