Pathologies

Question 1

in an anterior dislocation of the humerus, the shoulder is rotated

Answer 1

laterally/external

Question 2

The end of the spinal cord is at this level

Answer 2

L2

Question 3

You are observing a 10-year-old childs posture. You notice that the right shoulder is adducted and internally rotated. What is the nerve roots involved

Answer 3

C5 and C6

Question 4

During a triathlon biking accident, a rider fell and landed with the handle bar of her bike forced upward into her right axilla. Subsequently while swimming in another triathlon event she found that her right arm tired so badly during the swimming portion that she could barely finish the event. During examination, it was found that movements involving adduction, medial rotation and extension of her arm were particularly weak and affected her swimming stroke. The nerve injured was the

Answer 4

Thoracodorsal

Question 5

Interruption of the median nerve in the cubital fossa affects what movement(s) of the thumb

Answer 5

flexion and opposition

Question 6

A patient is severely limited in extension at the wrist joint after several months in a cast following a Colles’ fracture. Which joint would be especially important in therapy to regain full extension?

Answer 6

radiocarpal

Question 7

If the tendon of palmaris longus were transected, what movement would be affected

Answer 7

flexion of wrist

Question 8

The pulse of the radial artery at the wrist is felt immediately lateral to which tendon?

Answer 8

abductor pollicis longus

Question 9

If the medial epicondyle of the humerus is fractured and the nerve passing dorsal to it is injured, what movement would be most affected?

Answer 9

ulnar deviation

Question 10

In a Colles’ fracture, the distal fragment of the radius moves

Answer 10

posterior

Question 11

The carpal tunnel has ___ structures

Answer 11

10

Question 12

The lower limbs get their blood supply from the

Answer 12

external iliac artery, femoral artery, tibial artery

Question 13

What two nerves come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 13

axillary and radial

Question 14

Bishops hand is associated with the following movement pathology

Answer 14

can’t flex lateral three fingers

Question 15

The function of lumbricales is to

Answer 15

flex metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal join

Question 16

In an anterior dislocation of the shoulder, the muscle that most affected is

Answer 16

infraspinatus and teres minor are weak

Question 17

In a posterior dislocation, the muscle that most affected is

Answer 17

Subscapularis is weak

Question 18

In a SLAP pathology, the following muscle may be injured

Answer 18

long head of the biceps

Question 19

The Bankart lesion may happen due to______dislocation of the humeral head

Answer 19

anterior-inferior

Question 20

A football player receives a blow to the posterior arm and fractures the middle of the humerus bone. What nerve may be paralyzed?

Answer 20

radial

Question 21

The two muscles that are involved in the lateral epicondylitis are

Answer 21

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Question 22

The nerve supply for the muscle that inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus is the

Answer 22

upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 23

The nerve roots for long thoracic nerve are the following

Answer 23

C5 C6 C7

Question 24

A patient complaining of pain on the outer aspect of the arm and forearm down the thumb would be expected to have involvement of the following spinal segment

Answer 24

C6

Question 25

The triceps brachii reflex is a test for which spinal segment?

Answer 25

C7

Question 26

In a Colle's fracture the most affected muscle is the following

Answer 26

brachioradialis

Question 27

Medial epicondylitis "golfer's elbow", what muscles are inflammed?

Answer 27

pronator teres and the flexor carpi radialis

Question 28

Dupuytren’s contracture

Answer 28

- progressive shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar fascia and aponeurosis - pulls 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the MCP and PIP joints - palmaris longus muscle (contracting)

Question 29

Mallet finger

Answer 29

unable to extend DIP joint/forced flexion of DIP

Question 30

Swan neck deformity

Answer 30

hyperextension of PIP and | flexion of DIP

Question 31

Boutonniere deformity

Answer 31

flexion of PIP joints and | hyperextension of MCP and DIP

Question 32

Where is a SLAP lesion?

Answer 32

10 and 2

Question 33

Where is a Bankart lesion?

Answer 33

3 and 6

Question 34

De quervain tenosynovitis

Answer 34

inflammation of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Question 35

Nursemaid's elbow

Answer 35

radial head pulled out of annular ligament

Question 36

Posterior elbow dislocation

Answer 36

- olcranon process goes posteriorly and superiorly - forearm forward and elbow back - results from hyperextension or blow that drives ulna posterior-lateral

Question 37

Rotator Cuff Injury

Answer 37

4 rotator cuff muscles | almost always includes supraspinatus muscle

Question 38

Where is weak in an inferior dislocation?

Answer 38

supraspinatus

Question 39

Where is a shoulder separation?

Answer 39

AC joint

Question 40

Smith's fracture

Answer 40

- falling on dorsal side on hand - distal portion goes palmar/anterior - rest of radius goes dorsal

Question 41

Hill-Sachs lesion

Answer 41

humeral head fracture

Question 42

Klumpke's paralysis

Answer 42

- C8 and T1 - claw hand - wrist flexion C8

Question 43

Erb's Palsy

Answer 43

- C5, C6 - cannot abduction or flexion at eblow - looks adducted and internally rotated

Question 44

Drop wrist

Answer 44

- radial nerve dysfunction | - wrist extensors affected

Question 45

Ape hand

Answer 45

- thenar muscles are affected | - medial nerve is affected

Question 46

Claw hand

Answer 46

-ulnar nerve dysfunction -cannot go into flexion muscles: lumbricles/interosseous extension of IP cannot happen

Question 47

Bishop's hand

Answer 47

- cannot go into flexion - muscles: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis - median nerve

Question 48

Dupuytren’s contracture

Answer 48

- progressive shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar fascia and aponeurosis - pulls 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the MCP and PIP joints - palmaris longus muscle (contracting)

Question 49

Fracture to the clavicle

Answer 49

- weakest part is the middle and lateral two thirds - after a fracture, the sternocleidomastoid elevates the medial fragment - trapezius is unable to hold lateral fragment up, and due to the weight of the upper limb, the shoulder drops

Question 50

Triangle of Ausculation

Answer 50

-superior border of lats, medial border of scapula, and inferolateral border of trapezius: posterior examination of the lungs

Question 51

Injury to Surgical neck of humerus:

Answer 51

axillary nerve

Question 52

Injury to radial groove

Answer 52

radial nerve

Question 53

Injury to distal end of humerus

Answer 53

median nerve

Question 54

Injury to medial epicondyle

Answer 54

ulnar nerve

Question 55

What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 55

The deltopectoral triangle is a triangular space bounded by the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle, medial border of the deltoid muscle, and clavicle.

Question 56

Clavipectoral Fascia

Answer 56

-pierced by cephalic vein, thoracromial artery and lateral pectoral nerve

Question 57

Suprascapular foramen

Answer 57

-suprascapular notch and suprascapular artery (airforce over navy)

Question 58

Quadrangular Space

Answer 58

1. capsule of shoulder joint 2. surgical neck of humerus 3. long head of triceps 4. superior border of teres major - posterior circumflex artery and axillary nerve

Question 59

Triangular Space

Answer 59

1. superior borders of teres major 2. inferior border of teres minor 3. long head of triceps - circumflex scapular artery

Question 60

Triangular Interval

Answer 60

1. Lateral border of long head of triceps 2. shaft of humerus 3. inferior margin of teres major Profunda brachii artery and radial nerve

Question 61

Biceps tendon reflex

Answer 61

C5

Question 62

Triceps tendon reflex

Answer 62

C7

Question 63

Brachioradialis tendon

Answer 63

C6

Question 64

Annular ligament resists

Answer 64

distraction

Question 65

MCL resists

Answer 65

valgus

Question 66

LCL resists

Answer 66

varus

Question 67

RCL resists

Answer 67

medial movement of the arm

Question 68

Elbow joint is what kind of joint?

Answer 68

hinge

Question 69

Proximal radioulnar joint is:

Answer 69

pivot-type of synovial joint

Question 70

What are the muscles of the snuff box?

Answer 70

A=extensor pollis longus C=extensor pollis brevis B= abductor pollis longus

Question 71

What ligament is ruptured in a shoulder seperation?

Answer 71

Coracoclavicular Ligament