Patient Care Fall 14/15 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
What’s the urinary meatus?
A
External urethral orifice, opening of urethra on body surface through which urine is discharged
2
Q
How is the small intestine attached to the abdomen
A
Mesentary posterior wall
3
Q
Slowness of the heartbeat as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less that 60 bpm
A
Bradycardia
4
Q
Profuse sweating
A
Diaphoresis
5
Q
The normal pulse rate for resting adult
A
60-100 bpm
6
Q
Normal pulse rate for a child under 10
A
70-120 bpm
7
Q
Absence of gas from part or the whole lungs as a result of failure of expansion IR reabsorption of gas from alveoli
A
Atelectasis
8
Q
Vital signs consist of?
A
Heart beat, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate
9
Q
How do you obtain tympanic temperature?
A
Place electronic thermometer in ear and wait three minutes
10
Q
When is a pt said to be in tachypnea?
A
Greater than 20 breaths per minute
11
Q
Oral body temperature ranges from?
A
97.7-99.5 F
or
36.5 to 37.5 C
12
Q
Normal respirations in adult?
A
12-20
13
Q
Normal respirations in children under 10
A
20-30
14
Q
Normal respirations in infants
A
30-60
15
Q
How to deal with substance abusers?
A
Asses capabilities, establish communication, wait to work until cooperative, restrain if necessary
15
Q
Reduction of oxygen supply to tissue
A
Hypoxia
16
Q
Average body temperature in fahrenheight and Celsius
A
98.6 F and 37C
17
Q
What should a healthy adults blood pressure read?
A
120/80 mmHg
18
Q
Exams that use oil based contrast
A
Bronchography, sialography, dacryocystography, lymphography
19
Q
Viscosity is influenced by
A
Concentration and size of the molecule
20
Q
What’s demonstrated on left lateral decubitus
A
Up lateral side of ascending colon and medial side of descending colon when colon is inflated with air
21
Q
What is demonstrated on right lateral decubitus
A
Up medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon with colon inflated with air
22
Q
What’s the CR for AP axial sigmoid
A
30-40 degrees cephalic MSP and 2 inches below ASIS
23
Q
Ballooning of lower end of ureter into bladder
A
Ureterocele
24
Inflammation of bladder
Cystitis
25
CR for PA axial sigmoid
30-40 caudal MSP and ASIS
26
CR for nephrotogram
Centered to IR at level of angle of ribs
27
Abnormal concentration of mineral salts/stone
Calcuolous
28
Abnormal connection between 2 internal organs or between an organ and body structure
Fistula
29
Inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis
30
Dissension of renal pelvis and calyces with urine
Hydronephrosis
31
What and where is the hilum? (Abdominal)
Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ureters connect or attach to kidneys
-medial border
32
Level of kidneys and where each lies I'm different body habitus
Sthenic-T12-L3
asthenic- lower
Hypersthenic-higher
33
Kidney movement with respiration and from supine to upright
Respiration-about 1 inch
| More Aprox 2" from supine to upright
34
CR for AP oblique projection
Perpendicular to crest and 1-2" lateral to midline of elevated side
35
CR for PA oblique projections
Perpendicular to crest and 2" lateral from MSP on elevated side
36
What are the primary mechanisms that maintain homeostasis?
Vital signs
37
What are the sacred seven?
```
Localization
Chronology
Quality
Severity
Onset
Aggregating of alleviating factors
Associated manifestations
```
38
CR right lateral UGI upright and recumbent
Recumbent-centered to IR level at L1-L2 (1-2 above lower rib margin)
Upright- centered to IR level of L3
39
Type of catheter used on enteroclysis exams
Bibaor or sellinktube stiff guide wire
40
PA Oblique RAO image demonstrates
Right colic flexure, ascending colon, sigmoid colon
41
Where IR is centered for AP UGI
Level midway between xiphoid and lower rib margin
42
The degree of rotation for PA oblique UGI
40-70
43
Supine and prone positions of the stomach demonstrate
Supine-barium filled stomach and visualization of retrogastric portions of duodenum and jejunum
Prone- compress abdominal contents
44
How each kidney is positioned when rotated 30 degrees
Lower kidney is perpendicular and upper kidney lies parallel to IR
45
What's the purpose of the ARRT
Encourage study and evaluating the standards of Radiologic Technology. Examining and certifying. Eligible candidates and periodically publishing a listing of registrants
46
Diagnostic agents that are instilled into body offices or injected into the vascular system, joints, ducts to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas where low contrast exist
Contrast media
47
Death ranking of nosocomial infections in the US
8th
48
Normal creatnine and bun levels
Creatine .6-1.5mg
Bun- 8-25 mg
49
Description of the character of symptoms
Color, quality and consistency of blood or other substances
Quality
50
When do you use contact precautions
When caring for patients infected with virolent pathogens that spread by direct contact with the patient or indirect contact with a contaminated object
51
Standard precautions incorporates
Features of both body fluid precautions and body substance isolation
52
Percent of patients that acquire nosocomial infections
5%
53
6 steps for establishment of infectious disease
```
Encounter
Entry
Spread
Multiplication
Damage
Outcome
```
54
What is best demonstrated on AP oblique LPO
Right colic flexure, ascending colon, sigmoid
55
Best demonstrated on AP oblique RPO
Left colic flexure, descending colon
56
CR for AP oblique positions
Perpendicular to crest and 2 inches lateral to midline of elevated side
57
Stabilizing agents added to barium
Sodium carbonate
| Sodium citrate
58
IVP CR for AP projection
Perpendicular at level of crests
59
IVP CR for separate bladder
2-3 above symphysis pubis
60
CR for left lateral rectum
Perpendicular to MCP and ASIS
61
Where IR is centered for left lateral rectum
At ASIS
62
CR for cross table lateral large intestine
Horizontal tube perpendicular to MCP and crest
63
CR for PA large intestine
Perpendicular to MSP and crest
64
IR centered for PA UGI projection
MSP center to IR
| IR 1-2 above angle of ribs
65
Used as incubator for premature infants. Provides controlled temperature and humidity and an oxygen supply
Isolette
66
Resembling serum, having thin watery constitution; body fluids that are typically pale yellow, benign nature, that fill inside of body cavities
Serous
67
Resulting from activities of physician
Iatrogenic
68
Order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
```
Physiological
Safety
Belongingness and love
Esteem
Know and understand
Aesthetic
Self actualization
Transcendence
```
69
Object that can harbor pathogenic micro organisms and transmit infection
Fomite
70
Alternate or passive host or carrier that harbors pathogenic organisms, without injury to self, and serves as source from which other individuals can be infected
Reservoir
71
Viral particle that starts infection
Virion
72
Measure of the total numbers of particles in solution per kilogram of water
Osmolality
73
What is demonstrated on AP large intestine
Entire colon with pt supine
74
Pt position for AP axial sigmoid
Supine
75
What is best demonstrated on AP axial sigmoid
Rectrosigmoid
76
How to make sure patient holds still on AP oblique projections
Use sponge
77
Where to center IR at for lateral decubitus image
Crest
78
IR placement for upright LI
Perpendicular to MSP and 1-2 in below crest
79
Why cross table LI is done last?
Tip needs to be removed to see rectum
80
What's best demonstrated on a cross table lateral? Li
Up posterior portion of colon
81
Patient position of cross table lateral
Prone right or left side against the IR
82
Marker placement for decubitus
Top of IR
83
Function of air medium
Distend lumen of bowel
84
Describe 3 steps of 2 stage double contrast BE
Fill colon with barium. Pt evacuates barium and returns to table. Air is injected into colon and radiographs are obtained
85
Most important factor of BE exam
Colon must be clean
86
What must be done to include entire colon on AP/PA and how IR is placed
2 images crosswise
87
What type of barium is used and why this specific barium is used?
Hugh density barium sulfate. Absorb greater percentage of radiation similar to older thick barium products
88
Length of BE tubing
Approximately 6 feet
89
What PA demonstrates
Entire colon with patient in prone position
90
What is best demonstrated on PA axial sigmoid
Rectrosigmoid area
91
Degree of obliquity for oblique projections LI
35-45
92
What must be centered to grid or table on left lateral rectum
MCP centered to table
93
Purpose of flexing patients knees on left lateral rectum
Provides support
94
What is demonstrated on left lateral rectum
Rectum and distal portion of sigmoid
95
What portions of colon may not be included on left lateral rectum?
Superior portion
96
What contrast is used if perforation or leak is suspected?
Water soluble iodinated contrast
97
Patient Prep for LI
Dietary restrictions, bowel cleansing enema, laxatives, npo after light evening meal
98
Purpose of squeezable balloon inflater
Helps pt to hold catheter in place
99
What's the enema bag capacity
3 quarts (3000ml)
100
Method used for filling large intestine
Retrograde filling
101
Warm BE temperature range
85-90 degrees
102
Success of be depends on
Pt cooperation
103
Purpose of relaxing abdominal muscles throughout the BE exam
Prevent intraabdominal pressure, cramping, and colon spasms
104
Purpose of deep oral breathing
Reduces incidence of spasms and cramping
105
Patient position for insertion of enema tip
Sims
106
Height enema bag is placed
No more than 24 inches above the anus
107
How to get air out of tubing
Run barium into the sink
108
What respiration phase tip should be inserted on and why
Expiration abdominal muscles and sphincter are mOre relaxed
109
How far tip should be inserted
No more than 4"
110
Respiration phase for BE images
Suspended
111
How lining is coated on double contrast be
Pt slowly rotates 360 degrees
112
2 methods of examining large intestine
Single contrast and double contrast
