Procedures Test 2- spine procedures

Question 0

What is the SID for the lateral and oblique C-Spine? Why?

Answer 0

72 inches to compensate for increased OID

Question 1

What 2 joints will be open on a Lateral C-spine?

Answer 1

Zygapophyseal and intervertebral disk spaces

Question 2

When do you do a swimmers projection?

Answer 2

When C7/T1 is NOT well demonstrated on a lateral c-spine

Question 3

Before doing lateral hyperflexion/hyperextension C-spine what must be ruled out?

Answer 3

Fractures and pathology

Question 4

Hyperflexion and hyperextension C-spine views are used to demonstrate what?

Answer 4

Used to demonstrate absence of normal movement from trauma or disease and range of motion

Question 5

What type of breathing is used for the swimmers method?

Answer 5

Breathing technique or suspend

Question 6

What will you have the patient do during the odontoid projection to get the tounge out of the way?

Answer 6

Have the patient say “ah”

Question 7

If the dens is not well demonstrated on the open mouth projection what view can be done to better show the dens?(2 answers)

Answer 7

AP and PA dens
AP Fuchs
PA Judd

Question 8

When doing the Judd method of the Dens if the OML should be how many degrees to the plane of the IR?

Answer 8

37 degrees

Question 9

AP axial oblique projections of the C-spine demonstrate which intervertebral foramen?

Answer 9

Side away

Question 10

PA axial oblique projections of the c-spine which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated?

Answer 10

Side closest

Question 11

When doing the cervical spine obliques how much is the patient rotated?

Answer 11

45 degrees

Question 12

The lateral t spine best demonstrates what?

Answer 12

Intervertebral disc spaces and intervertebral foramina

T3 and L1

Question 13

What is the best type of respiration used for the spine images?

Answer 13

Breathing technique or suspend

Question 14

The lateral C spine shows what in profile?

Answer 14

Spinous processes, intervertebral discs, vertebral bodies, and zygapophyseal

Question 15

How many vertebra should you see on the AP axial c spine image?

Answer 15

C3-T1

Question 16

What intervertebral disc space should be seen on the swimmers?

Answer 16

C7-T1

Question 17

What joint do you see on the AP open mouth odontoid?

Answer 17

Atlantoaxial

Question 18

You will see the dens inside the foramen magnum on which projections? (2 answers)

Answer 18

Fuchs and Judd

Question 19

What two pieces of anatomy are you going to line up and make perpendicular to the IR when doing an open mouth odontoid?

Answer 19

Tip of upper incisors and mastoid tip

Question 20

Where will the CR enter for C spine projections?

Answer 20

C4

Question 21

What is the tube angle for the AP axial c spine?

Answer 21

15-20 cephalic

Question 22

What is the tube angle for the AP oblique c spine? ( RPO/LPO)

Answer 22

15-20 cephalic

Question 23

What is the tube angle for the PA oblique c spine? (RAO/LAO)

Answer 23

15-20 caudal

Question 24

What is the tube angle for the swimmers method?

Answer 24

3-5 caudal

Question 25

Where will the CR enter for the swimmers method?

Answer 25

C7-T1 interspace

Question 26

Where does the CR better for the patient for the Fuchs method?

Answer 26

MSP- distal to chin tip

Question 27

Where does the CR enter the patient for the Judd method?

Answer 27

MSP- distal to level of mastoid tips

Question 28

Where does the CR enter the patient for the open mouth odontoid?

Answer 28

Midpoint of the open mouth

Question 29

By instructing the patient to open their mouth for the AP open mouth odontoid what anatomy are you getting out of the way?

Answer 29

Tounge and teeth

Question 30

Obliques of the c-spine (know how to determine what oblique you are looking at based off of the image)

Answer 30

Uses markers. If bodies are between it and the foramina

Question 31

Where does the CR enter for the T spine projections?

Answer 31

T7

Question 32

How many vertebra will you see?

Answer 32

All 12 vertebra

Question 33

Why is it important to have the patient flex their hips and knees when doing the AP lumbar spine?

Answer 33

Reduces lordotic curve. Places lower back closer to the table reducing OID

Question 34

What's the position for swimmers?

Answer 34

One closest to IR arm is up, arm is down furthest from IR

Question 35

Which view of the L spine demonstrates the intervertebral foramina?

Answer 35

Lateral L spine

Question 36

Which obliques demonstrate the RIGHT zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine?

Answer 36

RPO and LAO

Question 37

Which obliques demonstrate the LEFT zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine?

Answer 37

RAO & LPO

Question 38

How much do you rotate the patient when doing oblique L-spine projections?

Answer 38

45 degrees

Question 39

Know the Scotty dog

Answer 39

``` Ear- superior articular process Nose-transverse process Eye- pedicle Neck- pars interactalis Body-lamina Leg-inferior articular process ```

Question 40

The RPO of the SI joints demonstrates the joint _____ from the IR.

Answer 40

Farthest/away

Question 41

So RPO SI joints demonstrates

Answer 41

Left

Question 42

The LPO SI joint demonstrates

Answer 42

Right

Question 43

The RAO/LAO of the SI joints demonstrates the joint ____ to the IR

Answer 43

Closest

Question 44

How much do you rotate the patient when doing oblique SI joints?

Answer 44

25-30

Question 45

When doing the lateral sacrum what plane needs to be perpendicular to the IR?

Answer 45

Inter iliac plane or line

Question 46

Be Able to describe how to do both images of the scoliosis PA AP Ferguson

Answer 46

First image 1 inch above the crest MSP to midline of grid, arms abducted. Second image- same position but this time elevate the patients hip on the side of primary curve approximately three or four more inches

Question 47

The lateral L spine flexion and extension is used to demonstrate what?

Answer 47

Spinal fusion or disc hernination

Question 48

The lateral l spine flexion and extension positions

Answer 48

1st image- fetal position flexing spine as much as possible | 2nd image- arch posterior extending their spine

Question 49

CR of lateral L spine flexion and extension

Answer 49

Spinal fusion or L3-crest

Question 50

The right and left bending L spine projections are used to determine or localize what?

Answer 50

Early scoliosis to determine structural change. Localize herniated disc and determine if there is motion in the region of spinal fusion

Question 51

CR of right and left bending L spine projections

Answer 51

1-1 1/2 above iliac crest L3 MSP

Question 52

Right and left bending L spine projections positions

Answer 52

Bend as much as possible to whatever side and cross opposite leg do not rotate pelvis

Question 53

If the spine is not horizontal to the table for the lateral L spine what positioning tool might you use to adjust this?

Answer 53

Sponge or other radiolucent support

Question 54

Why is it good to put a small piece of lead behind the patient when doing lateral images of the spine?

Answer 54

Reduce scatter

Question 55

Angle for male L5-s1

Answer 55

5 caudal

Question 56

Angle for female L5-S1

Answer 56

8 caudal

Question 57

Which projection will demonstrate the L5-S1 joint open in an AP L spine? What else does this projection demonstrate?

Answer 57

Ferguson method/ AP axial L5-S1 Both SI joints

Question 58

Where does the CR enter the patient for an AP L-spine?

Answer 58

More sacrum- L4 crest MSP Less sacrum 1 1/2 inches above crest (L3) MSP

Question 59

Where does the CR enter for the lateral L-spine?

Answer 59

MCP at crests (L4)

Question 60

What is the CR for the lateral L5-S1 spot?

Answer 60

1 1/2 inches below the iliac crest and 2 inches posterior the coronal plane at level of ASIS

Question 61

What is the CR for AP oblique L spines?

Answer 61

RPO/LPO 1 1/2 inches above crest(L3) and 2 inches medial to ASIS

Question 62

What is the CR for PA obliques L spine?

Answer 62

RAO/LAO 1- 1 1/2 inches above iliac crest and enters elevated side approximately 2 inches to lateral spinous process

Question 63

How much do you angle for the AP Axial L5-S1 joints?

Answer 63

30-35 more on females less on males

Question 64

What is the CR for AP axial L5-S1 joints?

Answer 64

1 1/2 inches above pubic symphysis MSP

Question 65

What is the CR for oblique SI joints?

Answer 65

1 inch medial to elevated ASIS

Question 66

What does the lateral L spine shows in profile?

Answer 66

Vertebral bodies, spinous process, intervertebral disc spaces, intervertebral foramina in profile

Question 67

What is the angle for AP sacrum?

Answer 67

15 cephalic

Question 68

What is the angle for AP coccyx?

Answer 68

10 caudal

Question 69

What is the CR for AP sacrum?

Answer 69

2 inches superior to pubic symphysis MSP

Question 70

What is the CR for AP coccyx?

Answer 70

2 inches superior to Punic symphysis MSP

Question 71

What is the CR for lateral sacrum?

Answer 71

Level of ASIS and to a point 3 1/2 inches posterior

Question 72

What is the CR for the lateral coccyx?

Answer 72

2 inches distal ASIS to a point 3 1/2 inches posterior

Question 73

Go over PT positions

Answer 73

Fuchs and Judd for sure