proceduresIII Test 1

Question 0

How many are “true” vertebrae?

Answer 0

24

Question 1

How many vertebra do we have early in life?

Answer 1

33

Question 2

Which vertebrae are “false”? Why are they considered false vertebrae?

Answer 2

Sacral and coccygeal segments. They are fixed vertebrae. Sacral fuse into the sacrum and coccygeal form the coccyx.

Question 3

The vertebral column is the ______ of the skeleton.

Answer 3

Central axis

Question 4

What are the three functions of the vertebral column?

Answer 4

◾️encloses and protects spinal cord
◾️supports the trunk and skull
◾️provides muscle attachment

Question 5

Lordotic curves _____ anteriorly.

Answer 5

Convex

Question 6

Examples of lordotic curves?

Answer 6

Cervical and lumbar

Question 7

Kyphotic curves ______ anteriorly.

Answer 7

Concave

Question 8

Examples of Kyphotic curves.

Answer 8

Thoracic and pelvic

Question 9

______ convex posteriorly.

Answer 9

Kyphotic

Question 10

______ curves concave posteriorly.

Answer 10

Lordotic

Question 11

What is a primary curve?

Answer 11

Present at birth

Question 12

What parts of the spine are primary curves?

Answer 12

Thoracic and pelvic

Question 13

What’s a secondary curve?

Answer 13

Curve that develops after birth as child grows and develops.

Question 14

Which parts of the spine are secondary curves?

Answer 14

Lumbar and cervical

Question 15

What is scoliosis?

Answer 15

Lateral curvature of the spine

Question 16

What is kyphosis?

Answer 16

Posterior convexity of thoracic curve

Question 17

What is lordosis?

Answer 17

Increase in anterior convexity of cervical or lumbar spines

Question 18

What lies in between vertebral bodies?

Answer 18

Vertebral disks

Question 19

What is the purpose of intervertebral disks?

Answer 19

Function as cushions

Question 20

The center of each intervertebral disk is called:

Answer 20

Nucleus pulposus

Question 21

What is a herniated disk/slipped disk?

Answer 21

The nucleus pulposus rupturing into vertebral canal

Question 22

What causes slipped disks?

Answer 22

Improper body mechanics

Question 23

Each typical vertebra has 2 main parts, what are they?

Answer 23

Body and vertebral arch

Question 24

What parts of the vertebrae create the vertebral foramen?

Answer 24

Body and vertebral arch

Question 25

What passes through the vertebral foramen?

Answer 25

Spinal cord

Question 26

What special features do the Cervical vertebrae have? 2 answers

Answer 26

◾️Transverse foramina located on transverse process | ◾️bifid spinous process except c7

Question 27

What special feature do the thoracic vertebrae have?

Answer 27

Costal facets on posterior/lateral for articulation with head of ribs facet on transverse process for articulation with tubercle of ribs.

Question 28

What special feature do the lumbar vertebrae have?

Answer 28

◾️pars interarticularis | ◾️transverse process small than tspine

Question 29

Where are the transverse processes located in relationship to the body of the vertebra?

Answer 29

They project laterally and a little posteriorly from junction of lamina and pedicles

Question 30

What two pieces of anatomy create the transverse process? (pay lots of taxes)

Answer 30

Pedicles and lamina

Question 31

Spinous process project how from the body of the vertebra?

Answer 31

Posteriorly and medially from pedicle

Question 32

What anatomy creates the spinous process?(like lots of snacks)

Answer 32

Lamina and lamina

Question 33

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 33

7

Question 34

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 34

12

Question 35

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 35

5

Question 36

Another name for C1

Answer 36

Atlas

Question 37

Another name for C2

Answer 37

Axis

Question 38

Which three vertebrae are considered atypical?

Answer 38

C1 c2 C7

Question 39

Which cervical vertebrae does NOT have a body?

Answer 39

C1

Question 40

Another name for C7.

Answer 40

Vertebra promiens

Question 41

Why is C7 also known as vertebra promiens?

Answer 41

Because of its long prominent spinous process

Question 42

Which cervical vertebra has lateral masses?

Answer 42

Atlas/C1

Question 43

Which cervical vertebra has the dens?

Answer 43

C2/axis

Question 44

What joint is created by C1 and the occipital bone?

Answer 44

Atlantooccipital

Question 45

What is the name of the articulation between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the head of the ribs?

Answer 45

Costovertebral

Question 46

What is the articulation between the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra and tubercle of the rib?

Answer 46

Costotransverse

Question 47

The vertebral arch is formed by 2 _______ and 2 ______.

Answer 47

Pedicles and laminae

Question 48

The pedicles of the vertebra are located how in relationship to the body of the vertebra?

Answer 48

Project posterior part of body

Question 49

The concave regions of pedicles are called?

Answer 49

Vertebral notches

Question 50

Vertebral notches articulate with one another to form the?

Answer 50

Intervertebral foramina

Question 51

What is spina bifida?

Answer 51

Congenital condition in which laminar fail to fuse

Question 52

Superior and inferior articular processes come together to create what joint?

Answer 52

Zygapophyseal

Question 53

What is special about the lumbar vertebra transverse process?

Answer 53

Transverse processes are smaller than tspine

Question 54

What is the mammillary process of the lumbar vertebra?

Answer 54

Smoothly rounded projection on the back of each superior articulating process

Question 55

What is the accessory process of the lumbar vertebra?

Answer 55

Back of the root of the transverse process

Question 56

What is spondylosis?

Answer 56

Bony defect of pars interarticularis, May be unilateral or bilateral

Question 57

What is spondylotlisthesis?

Answer 57

Anterior displacement of one vertebra over another

Question 58

What vertebral region does spondylotlisthesis occur in?

Answer 58

Lumbar

Question 59

What is pars interarticularis?

Answer 59

Part of laminae between articular processes

Question 60

How many segments comprise the sacrum?

Answer 60

5

Question 61

Where is the sacrum located?

Answer 61

Wedged between iliac bones of the pelvis

Question 62

Is there a difference in male and female sacral curves?

Answer 62

Yes

Question 63

Which sacral curve is longer and more vertical?

Answer 63

Male

Question 64

Which sacral curve is more acutely curved and oblique?

Answer 64

Female

Question 65

What part of the sacrum will touch L5

Answer 65

Base

Question 66

The ridge the superior/anterior margin, near the base of the sacrum is called?

Answer 66

Sacral promontory

Question 67

What is the sacral canal?

Answer 67

Continuation of vertebral canal that's part of the sacrum

Question 68

How many pairs of sacral foramina are there?

Answer 68

4

Question 69

What are sacral foramina for?

Answer 69

Passage of sacral nerves and blood vessels

Question 70

Where is the ala of the sacrum located?

Answer 70

Each side of sacral base

Question 71

What is the purpose of the auricular surface?

Answer 71

Large articular process for articulation with similarly shaped processes on the iliac bones of the pelvis

Question 72

The apex of the sacrum has a facet for articulation with what structures?

Answer 72

Coccyx and sacral cornua

Question 73

⏩What are sacral cornua? What are coccygeal cornua?

Answer 73

Process projected posteriorly on the sacrum

Question 74

How many segments make up the coccyx?

Answer 74

3-5 normally 4

Question 75

Does the coccyx have an apex and a base?

Answer 75

Yes

Question 76

What does the superior articular process of the sacrum articulate with?

Answer 76

Inferior articular process of last lumbar vertebra.

Question 77

Remember there will be an entire spine diagram as part of the test

Answer 77

◾️anatomy | ◾️joints