Pediatrics Flashcards
(26 cards)
infants
0-1 year old
0-2 months
-sensitive to light, warmth, sound, hunger
-should be easy to wake
-should be consolable
2-6 months
-palmar reflex
-strong sucking reflex
-eye contact
6-12 months
-sitting upright, crawling, teething
-prone to choking since they are mobile
-seperation anxiety
22
provide as much sensory comfort as possible
-warm you hand
-warm your stethoscope
-have parent hold them
-use a pacifier
-explain everything to caregiver
-save all painful intervention for very end
Toddlers
12-24 months
-allow care giver to have a role in treatment
-demonstrate on yourself or doll
-be patient, its difficult for them to be descriptive
-allow them to explore your equipment first, let them play
12-18 months
-starting to walk and talk
-unable to chew well
18-24 months
-may be able to speak +/- 15 words
-knows common object and body parts
-comforting objects
Pre-schooled Age
3-6 years old
-can use simple language
School Aged
6-12 years old
-little adults
-more deceitful
-usually familiar w/check ups & examination
-Give them choices when possible
-Involve them in their own assessment, explain what youre checking
-ask questions about themselves to help with distractions
Adolescents
13-17years old
-they most likely will have personal morals
-very emotional
-depends heavily of friends & social environments for acceptance
-they may exxagerate simple injuries or symptoms
-they experiment more –> risk taking behaviors
–> interview w/out caregiver nearby if needed
Notable Differences
-Trachea is less developed, collapses more easily
-lung tissue is more sensitive
-respiratory muscles are less developed, fatigue quickly
-HR is greatly higher –> skin signs, distal pulse pressures are key
-less cushioning for brain
-O2 demands are greater than adults, greater risk from hypoxia and hypotension
-Fontanelles can be signs of distress or dehydration
-higher body-to-surface area –> greater fluid & heat loss
Breathing
-Respiratory problems are the leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in perdiatrics
Circulation
Recognizing Asthma
Pathophysiology
-Bronchospasm
S/S:
-Audible wheezing on inspiration/expiration
-Prolonged expiration phase
-wheezing in all fields
-dry cough
-tachycardia
-Hx of asthma/breathing Tx
Recognizing Anaphylaxis
pathophysiology
-severe allergic reaction
-circulatory system opens flood gates to send histamines to the site of irritation –> increased HR
Bronchiolitis
Pathophysiology: Inflammation of the bronchioles which fill with musus, typically due to RSV
-s/s: coughing, fever, dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia, wheezing
Croup
Pathophysiology: inflammation of larynx, pharynx, top of trachea
s/s: fever, barking cough, stridor
Cystic Fibrosis
pathophysiology: congenital disease that affects the body ability to utilize sodium. It disrupts lungs, kidneys, and liver & digestive organs. Typically have respiratory flare ups w/overproduction of mucus
s/s: difficulty breathing, chronic flare ups, poor weight gain through life development, mucus secretion.
Recognizing Epiglottitis
pathophysiology: inflammation of the epiglottis
s/s: high fever, stridor, drooling, difficulty swallowing, severe sore throat, sniffing position/tripod
Recognizing Meningitis
INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES
S/S: fever, cherry spots, irritability when being handled, pain on flexed or extended neck, bulging fontanelles
highly contagious
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS BACTERIAL INFECTION, CAN SPREAD DOWN TO LUNGS AND CAUSE PNEUMONIA IF NOT TREATED
S/S: coughing spells, whoop noise on inspiration, fever.
Recognizing RSV
respiratory syncytial virus
UPPER AIRWAY INFECTION, CREATING EXCESS MUSCUS SECRETION
Tips for Trauma
-suspect spinal injury any time CC of N/V after trauma
-less developed neck muscles increases cervical damage & TBI
-less developed bones increased risk for organ damage
-Any PT under 8-10 requires padding under torso to maintain neutral position
-Favoring extremities or not tolerating their own weight should be a sign of injury even if no complaint
-Always use appropriately sized equipment
- For pain: Ice, position, elevation
