PERCEPTION OF SELF

Question 1

who believe ourselves and others to be–influences how we communicate

Answer 1

Social Perception

Question 2

is the process of selectively attending and
meaning to information

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

At other times, our perceptions does not differ
significantly from those of others. (T or F)

Answer 3

F (DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY)

Question 4

For each person, perception becomes our reality, What one person sees, hears, and
interprets is false and considered incorrect to that
person. (T or F)

Answer 4

F (For each person, however, perception becomes
our reality. What one person sees, hears, and
interprets is REAL and considered TRUE to that
person.

Question 5

When our perceptions differ from those with
whom we interact, sharing meaning becomes
more easy. (T or F)

Answer 5

F (When our perceptions differ from those with
whom we interact, sharing meaning becomes
more CHALLENGING)

Question 6

Our perceptions are important because they
shape our reality. (T or F)

Answer 6

T

Question 7

How does perception work?

Answer 7

the brain selects information it receives from the senses (sensory stimuli)

Question 8

we choose what stimuli to
concentrate on based on our needs, bias,
and expectations. (T or F)

Answer 8

F (we choose what stimuli to
concentrate on based on our needs, INTEREST,
and expectations)

Question 9

We choose to pay attention to information that
meets our biological and psychological needs.

Answer 9

Needs

Question 10

when we go to our class is what type of attention and selection

Answer 10

Needs

Question 11

We are likely to pay attention to information that
piques our interests.

Answer 11

Interests

Question 12

Our interests are piqued when we see its
relevance to us or those we care about. (T or F)

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Finally, we are likely to see what we expect to see
and miss what violates our expectations.

Answer 13

Expectationa

Question 14

we are likely to see what we expect to see
and miss what violates our perception. (T or F)

Answer 14

F (expectation)

Question 15

The Elaboration Likelihood Model tells us that
a persuasive message can only take on one
route: either ______ or the ______

Answer 15

central route or peripheral route

Question 16

can bring enduring attitude change and shape
realities.

Answer 16

central route

Question 17

Through the process of attention and selection we add the number of stimuli our brain must process. (T or F)

Answer 17

F (Through the process of attention and selection we REDUCE the number of stimuli our brain must process)

Question 18

Our brains organize these stimuli using the principles of ____ and _____

Answer 18

simplicity and pattern

Question 19

If the stimuli we attend to are complex, our brains
simplify them into some commonly recognized
form.

Answer 19

Simplicity

Question 20

We complicate nonverbal and verbal messages we receive. (T or F)

Answer 20

F (we SIMPLIFY nonverbal and verbal messages we receive)

Question 21

The brain also makes sense of complex stimuli by relating them to things it already recognizes

Answer 21

Pattern

Question 22

we differentiate people based on their sex or age is what type of organization

Answer 22

Pattern

Question 23

Ass the brain selects and organizes information, it also assigns meaning to it

Answer 23

Interpretation

Question 24

is a subconscious
approach to making sense of what we encounter.

Answer 24

Automatic processing

Question 24

We use assumption, which are our short-cut rules of thumb for understanding how to perceive something based on past experiences with similar stimuli. (T or F)

Answer 24

F (We use HEURISTICS)

Question 25

what do we think about our skills, abilities, knowledge, competencies, and personality

Answer 25

Self-concept

Question 25

Is the overall view we have of ourselves, which includes both self-concept and self-esteem

Answer 25

Self-perception

Question 25

how do we see our worth based on our self-concept

Answer 25

Self esteem

Question 25

is a slow deliberative process of examining and reflecting about the stimuli.

Answer 25

Conscious processing

Question 26

How de we decide what our skills. abilities, competencies, and personality are?

Answer 26

Based on interpretations about our personal experiences and how other

Question 27

Negative thoughts are critical to forming our self-concept. (T or F)

Answer 27

F (our PERSONAL EXPERIENCES are critical to forming our self-concept)

Question 28

As we interact with others, we form an _________

Answer 28

ideal self-concept

Question 29

Are based on the belief that traits and abilities are internal to the person and are univerally applicable to all situations.

Answer 29

Independent self-perception

Question 30

are based on the belief that traits and abilities are specific to a particular context or relationship

Answer 30

Interdependent self-perception

Question 31

The accuracy of our self-concept and self-esteem depends on the accuracy of our perceptions and observations. (T or F)

Answer 31

T

Question 31

occurs when there is a gap between self-perception and reality.

Answer 31

Incongruence

Question 32

An inaccurate perception of a skill, characteristic, or situation that leads to behaviors that perpetuate that false perception as true

Answer 32

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 32

Self-created prophecies are facts we make about ourselves. (T or F)

Answer 32

F (Self-created prophecies are PREDICTIONS we make about ourselves)

Question 33

Our self-perceptions can also become distorted through the way we filter what others say to us.

Answer 33

Filtering Messages

Question 34

We tend to pay attention to messages that reinforce our self-perception and downplay or ignore messages that contradict this image.

Answer 34

Filtering Messages

Question 35

Another way self-perception can become distorted is through our interpretation of what we see on television, in the movies, and in popular magazines

Answer 35

Media Images

Question 36

influences how we talk to ourselves, how we talk about ourselves with others, how we talk about others to ourselves, the self we present to others, and our ability to communicate with others.

Answer 36

Self-perception

Question 37

3 Strategies for positive self-perceptions:

Answer 37

o Self-talk o Social construction of self o Self-monitoring

Question 38

(a.k.a. intrapersonal communication) → the internal conversations we have with ourselves in our thoughts.

Answer 38

Self-talk

Question 39

People who have a positive self-perception are more likely to engage in positive self-talk. (T or F)

Answer 39

T

Question 40

People who have a negative self- perception are more likely to engage in negative self-talk (T or F)

Answer 40

T

Question 41

A low level of speech anxiety is often rooted in negative self-talk. (T or F)

Answer 41

F (a HIGH LEVEL speech anxiety is often rooted in negative self-talk.

Question 42

phenomenon of presenting different aspects of our self-concept based on the situation and people involved

Answer 42

Social construction of self

Question 43

the internal process of being aware how we are coming across to others and adjusting our behavior accordingly

Answer 43

Self-monitoring

Question 44

We all use self-monitoring to determine which “self” we choose to display in different situations and with different people. (T or F)

Answer 44

T

Question 45

improving self-perception improves how we interact with others. (T or F)

Answer 45

T

Question 46

→ tells us that the more we don’t talk about someone, the more we are curious about them → Is a communication theory that explains how individuals monitor their social environment in order to know more about themselves and others

Answer 46

The Uncertainty Reduction theory

Question 47

As we increase uncertainty, we usually become more comfortable communicating. (T or F)

Answer 47

F (as we REDUCE uncertainty)

Question 48

So first, we form impressions about others. (T or F)

Answer 48

T

Question 49

are the processes we use to form perceptions of others

Answer 49

Impression formation

Question 50

3 most important ways we form impressions:

Answer 50

1. Physical appearance 2. Perceived personality 3. Assumed similarity

Question 51

→ The first thing we notice about other people is how they look. → Although it may seem superficial, we form these first impressions very quickly.

Answer 51

Physical appearance

Question 52

tendency to assume that two or more personality characteristics go together

Answer 52

Implicit Personality Theory

Question 53

assuming someone is similar to us in a variety of ways until we get information that contradicts this assumption

Answer 53

Assumed Similarity

Question 54

are reasons we give for others and our own behavior

Answer 54

Attributions

Question 55

is a reason that is beyond the control of the person

Answer 55

Situational attribution

Question 56

refers to attributing behavior to some cause that is under the control of the person

Answer 56

Dispositional attribution

Question 57

the perceptual distortion that arises from paying attention only to what we expect to see or hear and ignoring what we don’t expect

Answer 57

selective perception

Question 58

the inaccurate attempt to make several perceptions about another person agree with each other

Answer 58

Forced consistency

Question 59

judging a person based on the characteristics of a group to which the person belongs without regard to how the person may vary from the group

Answer 59

Prejudice

Question 60

various form of prejudice in which members of one group believe that the behaviors and characteristics of their group are inherently superior to those of another group

Answer 60

Racism, ethnocentrism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, and ableism

Question 61

Guidelines to improve your perceptions of others and their messages:

Answer 61

1. Question the accuracy of your perceptions 2. Choose to use conscious processing as you get to know people 3. Seek more information to verify perceptions 4. Realize that your perceptions of a person will change over time 5. Seek clarification respectfully by perception checking