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PSY 200 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

How many personality issues are there?

A

5

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2
Q

The 5 Personality issues are?

A 
Freedom Vs Determinism
Heredity vs. environment
Uniqueness vs universality
Proactive vs reactive
Optimistic or Pessimistic
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3
Q

Do we have free will to make our own choices to shape our lives or are we the subjects of biology, environment and other factors beyond our control.

A

Freedom vs. Deteminism

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4
Q

Is personality determined mostly by qualities we inherit, or the world around us?

A

Heredity vs environment

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5
Q

How distinctive are personality characteristics? Is each individual’s personality unique, or are there overall patterns that apply broadly to most or many people?

A

Uniqueness vs universality

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6
Q

Do we act on our own initiative, or just respond to stimulus from our environment?

A

Proactive vs Reactive

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7
Q

Can we change our personality (optimistic), or does it remain the same throughout our lives, without ability to grow or adapt (pessimistic)?

A

Optimistic or Pessimistic

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8
Q

Personality

A

a person’s unique and stable way of acting, feeling, and thinking

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9
Q

Behavior is the result of environmental stimuli

A

reactive

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10
Q

universality

A

there are overall personality patterns that apply to many

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11
Q

proactive

A

behavior is the result of individual initiative

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12
Q

determinism

A

Biology and/or environmental conditions dictate personality

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13
Q

pessimism

A

personality cannot change and adapt to the environment

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14
Q

idiographic research

A

research involving a single individual

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15
Q

personality case study

A

one person is studied in depth

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16
Q

nomothetic research

A

comparing the individual participants in a group; general laws of behavior applying to large groups

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17
Q

survey

A

technique for covering self reported attitudes or behaviors

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18
Q

survey of self-report

A

ask participants questions about themselves

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19
Q

projective test

A

participant is asked to describe an ambiguous stimulus

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20
Q

Two widely used projective tests…

A

Rorschach Test, & Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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21
Q

2 things the MMPI is used by researchers and clinicians to help diagnose…

A

anxiety, paranoia, depression, hypochondria, schizophrenia, introversion, sociopathology, mania, hysteria, and gender identification tendencies.

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22
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

unconscious forces and conflicts drive our behavior

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23
Q

unconscious

A

drives and instincts that are beyond awareness

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24
Q

preconscious

A

feelings, memories, perceptions that can easily become conscious

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25
consciousness
thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions and memories in awareness
26
id
seeks immediate satisfaction of basic needs
27
superego
the moral part of the mind which consists of the conscience and ego ideal
28
ego
balances the demands of the id and superego with the demands of reality
29
repression
unwanted experiences are forced into the unconscious
30
reaction formation
one impulse is repressed and the opposite impulse is excessively expressed
31
displacement
unacceptable urges and feelings are redirected
32
fixation
soothing oneself in a manner related to a prior stage of emotional development
33
regression
reverting to an earlier stage of behavior during anxiety
34
sublimations
expressing aggressive or sexual instincts through productive activity
35
______ formation is a defense mechanism that represses one impulse and excessively expresses the opposite in its place. _____is the most basic defense mechanism and occurs when experiences that cause anxiety are forced into the unconscious.
reaction, repression
36
ego ideal
construct of the self to which one aspires
37
personal unconscious
individual’s thoughts, perceptions, and experiences that can be brought into consciousness along with repressed impulses, memories, and wishes
38
collective unconscious
reflects the universal experiences of mankind and archetypes
39
archetypes
inherited symbols
40
style of life
a person's manner of striving for superiority
41
real self
who we actually are
42
ideal self
the person we think we should be
43
shadow
representation of powerful primitive impulses, socially unacceptable impulses as well
44
Who developed the theory of birth order
Alfred Adler
45
These children typically lack independence
youngest children
46
these children tend to want to outdo siblings
second-born children
47
First born children
possess feelings of power and superiority
48
Who proposed a theory of real and idealized self
Karen Horney
49
Karen Horney believed that ______ and ______ were important factors in personality development.
culture, environment
50
Humanistic Personality Theory
based on idea that people as capable of free choice
51
self-actualization
motivation to carry out one's full potential
52
aesthetic needs
need for beauty and order
53
cognitive needs
desire to know and understand
54
neurotic needs
desire to dominate others or inflict pain
55
fully functioning person
person who lives in peace with their feelings and impulses
56
unconditional positive regard
complete acceptance
57
self-image
ubjective perception of one's personality and body
58
What categories of needs are categorized in Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
Starting from the bottom: ``` Physiological Safety Love/Belonging Esteem Self-Actualization ```
59
What type of need is acceptance of self and others
self-actualization need
60
What kind of need is food, and oxygen
physiological need
61
what kind of need is a positive reputation
esteem need
62
what kind of need is security (physical, financial)
safety need
63
What kind of need is finding a partner
love and belongingness need
64
Rigid censorship is a threat to which need?
threat to self-actualization
65
A job promotion denial is a threat to which need?
Threat to esteem needs
66
Carl Rogers believed in what theory
Humanisism
67
Skinner's Three Factors of behavior
natural selection, the evolution of civilization, an individual's own history of reinforcement
68
Behaviorism
states that personality is based on the impact that outside rewards have on behaviors
69
What environmental influences have an effect on behavior?
culture, language, tools
70
According to B.F. Skinner
behavior that is rewarded would be more likely to be repeated. Behavior is shaped by natural selection and the need to adapt. Some internal drives could explain individual behavior, but only partly. Human behavior is similar to but far more complex than animal behavior
71
Constructs
categories individuals use to understand the world
72
cognitive therapy
identifying and changing distorted thoughts
73
cognitive behavioral therapy
identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking and behavior
74
faulty generalization
using a particular event as the basis for a general conclusion
75
polarized thinking
classifying things into overly strict categories
76
personalization of events
seeing personal significance in others’ behavior
77
3 True statements about George Kelly..
He believed that people form and test hypotheses, and draw conclusions, the way scientists do. He developed personal construct psychology His theories have been used to understand how cognitive processing of events shape personality.
78
The founder of personal construct psychology
George Kelly
79
Founder of cognitive therapy
Aaron Beck
80
traits
lasting characteristics of individuals
81
extraversion
how friendly, assertive, an individual is
82
neuroticism
a person’s degree of anxiety, emotional stability
83
openness
curiosity, preference for novel situations
84
agreeableness
tendency to be supportive, cooperative, compassionate
85
conscientiousness
tendency to be disciplined, organized
86
A personality model
Big Five
87
Social learning theory
people learn by observing and imitating others and getting punished for the behavior
88
Social cognitive theory
observing behavior is enough to learn it, even if they don't do it
89
Ovservational learing
observing and imitating behavior
90
modeling
observing and imitating a behavior
91
human agency
the ability to organize, regulate, and perform, behaviors that produce desirable outcomes
92
intentionality
commitment to carrying out a specific action that has a desired consequence
93
foresight
ability to set goals and make plans
94
self-reactiveness
being attentive to the process of carrying out our decisions
95
self-reflectiveness
evaluating one's own motivations, morals, and life goals
96
Pioneer of social learning theory
Albert Bandura
97
human agency
ability to exert free will and perform behaviors with desirable outcomes
98
Individualistic culture
gives priority to individual goals and desires
99
collectivistic culture
gives priority to group desires and goals
100
a fully functioning person lives in peace with his or her impulses is a belief of...
Carl Rogers
101
According to behaviorist B.F. Skinner, human behavior is shaped by...
natural selection and the resulting biological evolution
102
What environmental influences have an effect on behavior?
tools
103
In a collectivist culture, the view of the self is ...
interdependent

PSY 200 (11 decks)

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