Sensation Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
sensory information
A
is gathered through vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch
2
Q
Perception
A
allows us to organize and interpret sensory information
3
Q
transduction
A
conversion of external energy to neural energy
4
Q
coding
A
transformation of neural energy by the brain
5
Q
equilibrioception
A
sense of balance
6
Q
sense of balance
A
equilibrioception
7
Q
Thermoception
A
sense of temperature
8
Q
sense of temperature
A
thermoception
9
Q
proprioception
A
sense of limb position
10
Q
sense of limb position
A
proprioception
11
Q
kinesthesia
A
sense of physical movement
12
Q
sense of physical movement
A
kinesthesia
13
Q
nociception
A
sense of pain
14
Q
sense of pain
A
nociception
15
Q
The conversion of sensory information from external energy to a neural, electrical signal is called _______, and the way that neural energy is transformed and understood by the brain is called ________.
A
transduction, coding
16
Q
change in responsiveness due to change in stimulus
A
sensory adaptation
17
Q
perception
A
nterpretation of sensory stimulus
18
Q
physical properties are translated into neural activity patterns.
A
coding
19
Q
felt him/herself falling?
A
kinesthesia
20
Q
felt his/her limbs sprawling on the floor?
A
proprioception
21
Q
Another name for balance besides equilibrioception?
A
vestibular sense
22
Q
The sense that helps you stay upright is the…
A
vestibular sense, which tells you your head is up
23
Q
sclera
A
outer white part of eye
24
Q
cornea
A
transparent part at front of eye
25
pupil
hole through which light enters eye
26
iris
colored area surrounding pupil that controls amount of light entering eye
27
lens
structure that changes shape to adjust focus
28
retina
located at the back of the eye and contains photoreceptors, or receptor cells, that detect light entering eye
29
rods
sensitive to brightness and function best in dim light
30
cones
sensitive to color and function best in daylight
31
optic disc
has no rods or cones; it is known as the blind spot
32
T or F
| Cones function best in dim light, while rods function best in bright daylight.
F
33
T or F
| Cones are more numerous at the center of the retina, while rods are more numerous at the edge of the retina.
T
34
T or F
| The iris controls the amount of light entering the eye.
T
35
Brightness of a light wave is controlled by...
amplitude
36
Color of a light wave is controlled by...
wavelength
37
Where are rods more numerous at?
More numerous at edge of retina
38
Order these:
1) light enters through the pupil
2) Light passes through the cornea
3) light hits the retina
4) light passes through the lens
Light passes through the cornea, then enters through the pupil, then passes through the lens then hits the retina
39
short cones
are best at detecting blue light
40
are best at detecting blue light
short cones
41
long cones
are best at detecting red light
42
light mixing
occurs when lights are mixed to create other colors
43
pigment mixing
occurs when dyes and inks are reflected rather than emit light
44
RG cells
activated by red light and inhibited by green light
45
YB cells
are activated by yellow lights and inhibited by blue lights
46
extrastriate cortex
receives information on movement, orientation, and color
47
parietal lobe
handles depth and motion
48
receives information on movement, orientation, and color
extrastriate cortex
49
ganglion
retina cells that receive information from rods and cones
50
striate
cortex located in the occiptal lobe
51
Which lobe handles depth and motion?
parietal lobe
52
where is the visual cortex located in?
The occipital lobe
53
Which lobe handles information on form and color?
Temporal
54
pitch
frequency of a sound wave heard by the ear
55
volume
height, or amplitude of a wave
56
sound waves
enter the auditory system through outer ear, then travel through the ear canal and vibrate the ear drum
57
Ossicles
located in middle ear and consist of three small bones -hammer,anvil, and stirrup
58
cochlea
coiled, fluid filled structure inside the inner ear that receives sound vibrations from ossicles
59
auditory signal
shifts from mechanical energy travelling through the air, bone, and fluid to neural energy in cochlear hair cells
60
brain region where neural energy is processed
auditory cortex
61
What are the steps of processing sound in their correct order?
1) Sound waves hit the pinna
2) Sound waves travel through the ear canal
3) Sound waves vibrate the ear drum
4) Vibrations travel through the ossicles
5) Vibrations reach the cochlea, which releases neurotransmitters
6) Neural energy is processed in the auditory
62
Another name for outer ear
pinna
63
Another name for eardrum
tympanum
64
Know how to label the different parts of the ear?
Okay
65
What detects light in the eyes?
Photoreceptors; Rods see how bright but phtoreceptors in general detect light
66
gustation
sense of taste - ability to sense flavor by processing chemicals through the tongue; the five basic tastes are sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami
67
taste buds
clusters of receptor cells located on the tongue's bumps (papillae)
68
olfaction
sense of smell
69
olfactory bulb
located below frontal lob of brain, processes detected smell
70
When food is acidic, it tastes ______. When food is alkaline or toxic, it tastes ______. When food contains sugar, it tastes sweet. The most recently discovered taste is ______.
sour, bitter, sweet, umami
71
Tastants are
food molecules
72
Taste buds are...
clusters of taste receptors
73
Where is the olfactory bulb located?
The proper term for the location of the olfactory bulb is subcortical, meaning it is under (sub) the cortex (the outer layer of the brain that contains lobes). In the front of the brain at the bottom
74
Tongue bumps are papillae or taste buds?
papillae
75
glutamate corresponds with what taste?
umami
76
List the steps of the sense of taste.
Food enters your mouth,
| tastants dissolve in saliva, tastants bind with taste buds, flavor is perceived
77
Light pressure that is strong enough for us to pinpoint the location of a stimulus is called ________ touch.
A larger area of skin being deflected when a stimulus pushes harder is called _______.
When an object with ridges rubs against the skin, receptors pick up ______.
discriminative, stretch, vibration
78
somatosensory
system that includes bodily senses
79
Where are tension receptors locate?
In our muscle tendons
80
Where are stretch receptors located?
In our muscles
81
Endorphins
neurotransmitters that reduce pain
82
gate control theory
the idea that pain signals can be reduced by competing non-pain signals
83
Reducing the efficiency of some types of neural transmissions can be done through...
Painkillers
84
The part of the brain that processes sensations
somatosensory cortex
85
Sensory information travels behind the eye to the optic ______.
nerve
86
The senses of touch, pain, temperature, and movement are processed in the primary _______ cortex, which is located in the parietal lobe.
somatosensory, parietal
87
What structure is the primary somatosensory cortex located in?
The postcentral gyrus
88
thresholds
upper and lower limits of stimuli
89
absolute threshold
lowest level at which stimulus can be correctly detected 50 percent of the time
90
sensory adaption
when sensory receptors respond more slowly after repeated or prolonged stimulation
91
sensation of touch
adapts quickly when pressure stops changing
92
Which method is used to test thresholds
staircase method
93
this sense adapts more quickly than other senses
touch
94
Which scientist developed the concept of threshold
Fechner
95
psychophysics
branch of psychology that studies the effects of physical stimuli upon mental states
96
difference threshold
smallest difference that can be recognized 50% of the time
97
Weber's Law
states the smallest detectable change in intensity is proportional to original intensity
98
scaling
mathematical way of measuring the difference between actual intensity of a stimulus and its perceived intensity
99
supraliminal
stimuli above the threshold
100
subliminal
stimuli below the threshold
101
JND
smallest difference that is detected 50% of the time
102
Noticing a change that has been made gradually can be described as...
indirect scaling
103
How intense a stimulus must be in order to be perceived can be described as....
detection
104
Give an example of direct scaling.
Rating an intensity on a scale
105
Scaling
mathematical way of measuring the difference between actual and perceived intensity
106
After interpretation by the rods and cones, light information is sent to _______ cells in the retina.
ganglion
107
Ganglion cells that are activated by red light are called ____ cellse.
Ganglion cells that are activated by yellow light are called ____ cells.
Visual information from ganglion cells travels to the ________ cortex.
RG, YB, primary visual
108
What feature of a stimulus is usually measured in psychophysics?
intensity
