Social Behavior

Question 1

social cognition

Answer 1

process of understanding own and other behavior

Question 2

false consensus effect

Answer 2

assuming others share one’s own opinion

Question 3

We experience the false consensus effect more often with things we _____ and less often with things we _____

Answer 3

like, dislike

Question 4

false uniqueness effect

Answer 4

assuming others’ opinions are very different from their own

Question 5

automatic vigilance

Answer 5

tendency to pay attention to negative social information

Question 6

motivated skepticism

Answer 6

needing more information for an undesirable conclusion than a preferred conclusion

Question 7

Carla won’t stop talking to her friends and family about her support for the president and his policies, not realizing that they might disagree with her. This may be an indication of the false
_____ effect.

Answer 7

consensus

Question 8

“He seems like a good boy. He must have stolen the book for a good reason.” an example of …

Answer 8

first impression

Question 9

attribution

Answer 9

inferring the causes of behavior

Question 10

fundamental attribution error

Answer 10

overestimating internal factors and underestimating external factors when explaining the behavior of others

Question 11

actor-observer discrepancy

Answer 11

attributing one’s own behavior to external causes, and others’ behavior to internal causes

Question 12

self-serving bias

Answer 12

attributing one’s successes to internal factors but attributing our failures to external factors

Question 13

There are several types of attribution biases: a(n) ________ bias causes us to blame our own failures on outside factors. The fundamental ______ error causes us to underestimate the effects of outside factors on other people. And the actor-observer ______causes us to do both.

Answer 13

self-serving, attribution, discrepancy

Question 14

Jonathan blamed bad calls by the referee for his foul, but a missed basket by his teammate for lack of concentration. This is a good example of …

Answer 14

actor-observer discrepancy

Question 15

prejudice

Answer 15

negative attitude toward members of a specific social group

Question 16

discrimination

Answer 16

negative behavior towards members of a specific social group

Question 17

realistic conflict theory

Answer 17

prejudice begins with economic competition between social groups

Question 18

social categorization

Answer 18

dividing people into “us” and “them”

Question 19

stereotype

Answer 19

inaccurate or overgeneralized belief about a social group

Question 20

The idea that we’re more likely to pay attention to information that fits our preexisting beliefs is ______ bias. This thinking can reinforce
______ beliefs toward others.

Answer 20

confirmation, stereotypical

Question 21

explains prejudice in terms of social influence

Answer 21

observational learning

Question 22

explains prejudice by using “us” and “them” distinctions

Answer 22

social categorization

Question 23

Fear that Asians will dominate math and science jobs

Answer 23

realistic conflict theory

Question 24

Discussing with someone how you share the same belief as them is an example of ..

Answer 24

confirmation bias

Question 25

Things to help reduce prejudice

Answer 25

intergroup mingling personal connections between group Equal positions from multiple groups creating common goals

Question 26

Being aware of our own prejudices and being careful about our words and _______ around our children can help minimize the negative effects of prejudice in our communities.

Answer 26

behavior

Question 27

What's missing: Trying to overcome prejudices between two groups of people. Keep groups apart learn about each other's differences ___________ Ask the members of both groups to work towards a common goal

Answer 27

Bring the groups together to discuss

Question 28

bringing 2 groups together increases or decreases prejudice?

Answer 28

it may do either or depending on the situation.

Question 29

Contact between groups can reduce prejudice more effectively when ...

Answer 29

the groups share a common goal

Question 30

An important consequence of inter-group contact is that members of different groups can begin to see one another as ______ rather than in terms of group stereotypes.

Answer 30

individuals

Question 31

Overcoming prejudice is best accomplished when the groups are members of the same social _____and possess a shared skill set

Answer 31

class

Question 32

independent view of self

Answer 32

defining oneself in terms of one's own thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 33

interdependent view of self

Answer 33

defining oneself in terms of one's relationship with others

Question 34

in addition to culture and gender differences _______ may also influence our view of ourselves, although this may vary for each person.

Answer 34

ethnicity

Question 35

Collectivistic societies describe themselves more so in interdependent or independent ways?

Answer 35

interdependent

Question 36

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 36

expectations of a person causes him or her to behave in a way that matches your expectation

Question 37

stereotype threat

Answer 37

fear of being judged by a negative stereotype

Question 38

Which psychologist worked on the experiment to see how effective self-fulfilling prophecies were. IQ test with teachers

Answer 38

Rosenthal and Lenore

Question 39

``` In Rosenthal And Lenore's social experiment. Students are labeled as bloomers _________________ teachers teach their students Students who are "bloomers" perform well ```

Answer 39

teachers teach their students

Question 40

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to ________ internal factors and _______ external factors when explaining behavior

Answer 40

overestimate, underestimate

Question 41

The result of stereotype threat is _______ performance when facing a negative stereotype, thus confirming the stereotype

Answer 41

poor

Question 42

You risk causing a self-fulfilling prophecy in another person if you have an inaccurate...

Answer 42

first impression

Question 43

aggression

Answer 43

behavior intended to harm another person

Question 44

direct aggression

Answer 44

agression that is observable and meant to be ovserved

Question 45

indirect aggression

Answer 45

trying to hurt someone without obvious face to face conflict

Question 46

Aggression in males tends to be more _____, while aggression in females tends to be more _____

Answer 46

direct, indirect

Question 47

attraction

Answer 47

a force that draws individuals together

Question 48

matching hypothesis

Answer 48

we seek relationships with people who are similar to ourselves in level of attractiveness and other similarities

Question 49

2 factors that increase attraction

Answer 49

familiarity and proximity

Question 50

reciprocity

Answer 50

returning feelings or responses that are directed toward us

Question 51

Characteristics that are considered to be universally attractive across all cultures are

Answer 51

healthy hair facial symmetry clear complexion healthy teeth

Question 52

The most relevant factor in romantic attraction is physical _____

Answer 52

appearance

Question 53

Psychologist who developed theory that love is made up of 3 components

Answer 53

Robert Sternberg

Question 54

What are the 3 components of love by Sternberg?

Answer 54

intimacy, passion, and commitment

Question 55

intimacy

Answer 55

emotional closeness and sharing of personal information

Question 56

passion

Answer 56

sexual attraction and feelings of euphoria

Question 57

commitment

Answer 57

an agreement or decision to remain in a romantic relationship

Question 58

The type of love with only intimacy?

Answer 58

liking

Question 59

The type of love with only commitment?

Answer 59

empty love

Question 60

They type of love with only passion?

Answer 60

Infatuation

Question 61

The type of love with passion and intimacy?

Answer 61

Romantic love

Question 62

The type of love with intimacy and commitment

Answer 62

Companionate love

Question 63

The type of love with passion and commitment

Answer 63

fatuous love

Question 64

The type of love with all 3 intimacy, passion, and commitment

Answer 64

Consumate Love

Question 65

When there is none it is called

Answer 65

non-love ie casual friendship

Question 66

Psychologist who developed proposed model for the developmental stages of relationships

Answer 66

George Levinger

Question 67

What are the developmental stages of relationships?

Answer 67

``` attraction building continuation deterioration ending ```

Question 68

self-disclosure

Answer 68

revealing personal information about oneself to others

Question 69

The aspect of a relationship that makes partners feel secure and safe is mutual _____

Answer 69

commitment

Question 70

begins with small talk

Answer 70

building

Question 71

maintaining the relationship

Answer 71

continuation

Question 72

loss of interest in the relationship

Answer 72

deterioration

Question 73

decision to pursue a relationship

Answer 73

building

Question 74

increased emotional intimacy

Answer 74

continuation

Question 75

mutual support and reassurance

Answer 75

commitment

Question 76

A strong, healthy relationship includes which of the following stages

Answer 76

continuation, attraction, building

Question 77

social exchange theory

Answer 77

social behavior is an exchange with costs and benefits; normally trying to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 78

equity theory

Answer 78

individuals are happiest in a relationship that seems fair

Question 79

relationship equity is most important during which stage of a relationship?

Answer 79

building, also when things aren't going well

Question 80

5 things to help keep a relationship stable

Answer 80

positivity, openness, | assurances, social networks, sharing tasks

Question 81

positivity

Answer 81

communicating in an optimistic manner

Question 82

openness

Answer 82

communicating honestly

Question 83

assurance

Answer 83

emphasizing affection and commitment

Question 84

social networks

Answer 84

including each other's friends in couple activities

Question 85

sharing tasks

Answer 85

sharing household responsibilities

Question 86

name letter effect

Answer 86

favorably evaluating the letter's in one's own name

Question 87

Women who take on their husband's last name tned to be viewed as...

Answer 87

less ambitious, more caring, less independent

Question 88

Being less cheerful is associated with...

Answer 88

unconventional names

Question 89

Unconventionally spelled names are associated with being...

Answer 89

less successful, less caring, and less engaging

Question 90

altruism

Answer 90

behavior that benefits others without conscious expectation of reward

Question 91

How does altruism relate to status?

Answer 91

We are more likely to help those who we perceive to have a higher status

Question 92

How does attractiveness relate to altruism?

Answer 92

We are more likely to help someone we perceive as attractive

Question 93

How does similarity relate to altruism?

Answer 93

We are more likely to help those who seem similar to us

Question 94

What did Robert Rosenthal's and Lenore Jacobson's 1968 experiment determine?

Answer 94

the power of the self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 95

One of the factors aggression can be influenced by

Answer 95

Biological Factors | Not: isolation, sobriety, and unblocked goal-directed behavior

Question 96

According to psychologist George Levinger, the decision to pursue a relationship or not occurs in which stage?

Answer 96

building

Question 97

studies have found that altruism is first observed in ...

Answer 97

childhood