Pets Flashcards
(151 cards)
1
Q
What was the first animal domesticated? What animal followed closely years later?
A
dogs; cats
2
Q
What animal is considered the most loyal to humans? Where?
A
dogs; around the world
3
Q
What countries lead in dog populations?
A
US, Brazil, China, Japan, and Russia
4
Q
What nations tend to have higher dog populations?
A
more affluent nations compared to more poor nations
5
Q
What countries lead in cat populations?
A
US, China, Russia, Brazil, and France
6
Q
What does OTC stand for?
A
Over the counter
7
Q
What things are money spent on in relation to pets?
A
food, supplies and OTC medications, veterinarian care,, live animal purchases, other services such as grooming and boarding
8
Q
Are there more Cats or Dogs in the US?
A
cats
9
Q
When were dogs domesticated?
A
10,000-12,000 years ago
10
Q
What animal were dogs domesticated from?
A
Wolves
11
Q
Where did domestication happen? Examples?
A
all over the world over a long period of time; Arabian, Chinese, Indian, European
12
Q
What are the two theories of dog domestication?
A
Human domestication of the wolf and self-domestication
13
Q
Explain the theory of human domestication?
A
Humans took wolf pups and brought them home and raised them, becoming close to humans and eventually changed overtime as humans began to select parents of next generation. This selection changed the genome of the dog. They kept selecting for docility.
14
Q
Explain the theory of self-domestication?
A
Wolves saw they could benefit from humans and obtain food, and over time became closer to humans and yielded to human leadership. This theory is correct.
15
Q
How do dogs express emotion?
A
changes in body posture and facial expressions
16
Q
How do dogs express play?
A
bow
17
Q
How do dogs express active and passive submissive greeting?
A
tail wags, ears fold back, weight transferred to hind legs
18
Q
How do dogs express submission?
A
roll over and show belly and genitals
19
Q
What is a female dog called?
A
Bitch
20
Q
What is a male dog called?
A
Dog
21
Q
What is the mother of a litter called?
A
Dam
22
Q
What is the father of a litter called?
A
Sire
23
Q
What are young dogs called?
A
Pups
24
Q
What is the process of giving birth?
A
Whelping
25
How many dog breeds are there?
350-400
26
How many dog breeds are recognized by AKC?
150
27
What is the AKC?
American Kennel Club
28
What are some dog breeds?
Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, French Bulldog, Bulldog, Beagles, Poodle, Rottweiler, Yorkshire Terrier, German Shorthaired Pointer
29
Is there a difference in the amount of male and female dogs owned in the US?
no, it's about the same
30
What percent of owned dogs are spayed or neutered?
85%
31
What percent of US households own 1 dog at least?
48%
32
What percent of owned dogs were adopted from shelters?
22%
33
Where have a lot of dogs been imported from for adoption? Where else?
Puerto Rico; Mexico, Taiwan, and other Asian countries.
34
What senses do dogs have?
sight, taste, hearing, touch, smell
35
What do cones do?
allow you to see color
36
How many cones do dogs have compared to humans?
spread out more and less
37
How many types of cones do humans have? What kind?
3; red, blue, green
38
How many types of cones do dogs have?
2; blue and yellow
39
What do rods do?
allow you to see at night
40
How many rods do dogs have compared to humans?
more
41
What type of cone do dogs have?
horizontal slit
42
What type of cone do humans have?
optic fovia
43
What is tapetum?
a reflective surface that allows for seeing at night
44
Do dogs or cats have a larger tapetum?
cats
45
How does tapetum in dogs in cold environments compare to dogs in warmer?
have less tapetum
46
What diopter do dogs have?
1-2
47
What hz do dogs have?
75 Hz
48
How does dog visual acuity compare to humans? What does this mean?
less; they cannot see as far
49
What is frequency?
pitch
50
What is frequency measured in?
hertz (hz)
51
What is amplitude?
volume
52
What is amplitude measured in?
decibel (dB)
53
What are the auditory ossicles?
3 tiny bones in the ear
54
What bones make up the auditory ossicles?
malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
55
What is another name for the ear drum?
tympanic membrane
56
What order does sound pass through the ear?
auricular cartilage, vertical canal, horizontal canal, tympanic membrane, middle ear cavity containing auditory ossicles and cochlea,
57
How many times further do dogs hear compared to humans?
4x
58
What frequency range can humans hear?
65-12,000 hz
59
What frequency range can dogs hear?
65-(47,000-65,000 hz)
60
What frequency range is a dog whistle?
20,000-25,000 hz
61
What is another name for sense of smell?
olfactory
62
What is neophilia?
attraction to new and interesting odors
63
What is the name of the section of the brain dedicated to smell?
olfactory bulb
64
How much bigger is the olfactory bulb in dogs compared to humans?
40x larger
65
How much does the olfactory bulb weigh in dogs?
6g
66
What is are turbinates?
bony structures in the nose that regulate airflow, and warm and humidify the air you inhale
67
What happens when dry air enters a dog's nose?
the dry air picks up water on the surface of the turbinates
68
What happens to air when a dog exhales?
the water is deposited back into the nasal cavity
69
Why are dog's nasal region anatomically endowed?
to be able to supply oxygen to the lungs and be able to detect different types of scents
70
What scents can dogs detect well?
apocrine glands, urine, and feces
71
How can dogs differentiate people based on apocrine glands?
also known as sweat glands, are surrounded by sebaceous gland which makes it unique
72
What uses do dogs have for their Olfactory?
favorable, unfavorable, identification, taste, age, sex, health, reproductive status
73
What uses of olfactory advantages do dogs have? (how can they apply it)
tracking and trailing and detection
74
What is another name for taste?
gustatory appeal
75
How many taste buds do dogs have?
1,700
76
How many taste buds do cats have?
475
77
What can taste buds taste?
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, fat
78
What is a difference in human and dog taste buds?
Dogs have a taste bud for water
79
Where is the sweet taste bud in dogs?
more on the side
80
Where is the sour/salty taste bud in dogs?
father back on sides and less
81
Where is the bitter taste bud in dogs?
back
82
Where is the umami taste bud in dogs?
front 2/3
83
Where is the water taste bud in dogs?
tip
84
What does the sweet taste bud detect?
furaneol
85
Where is furaneol located?
fruits and tomatoes
86
Can cats detect sweetness?
no
87
Why is antifreeze a problem?
it contains ethylene glycol which has a sweet taste so dogs keep eating it and cats cant taste it
88
What food is salt high in?
meat
89
Can cats detect salty?
it is virtually absent
90
Where do dogs get vitamin C?
they can produce it in their liver
91
What is the purpose of the bitter taste bud?
danger detection
92
Do dogs/cats or humans have a higher sensitivity?
dogs/cats
93
What is umami in?
animal proteins and fats
94
What is MSG?
Monosodium glutamate (umami??)
95
What is the fat taste called?
osteogustus
96
What can osteogustus taste?
unpalatable, rancid, or iterating
97
Is fat good or bad?
some is good, but too much is bad
98
What is a fatty acid?
individual fatty acid
99
What is triglyceride?
has glycerol and 3 fatty acids
100
Which is worse, fatty acid or triglyceride?
triglyceride
101
What leads to differences in how fat is tasted?
variation in CD36
102
Can you separate olfactory and taste?
no
103
What is the touch sense called?
tactile
104
What are the 5 touch receptors?
- Tactile (Meisner's) Corpuscle
- Tactile (Merkle's) Corpuscles
- Free Terminal
- Lamellated (Pacinian) Corpuscle
- Ruffini Corpuscle
105
What does the Tactile (Meisner's) Corpuscle do?
light touch
106
What does the Tactile (Merkle's) Corpuscles do?
touch/low frequency vibration
107
What does the Free Terminal do?
pain
108
What does the Lamellated (Pacinian) Corpuscle do?
deep pressure
109
What does the Ruffini Corpuscle do?
warmth
110
What are the 3 types of sensory receptors?
Pressure, Temperature, Pain
111
What are the pressure receptors on dogs/cats on the face?
Vibrissae
112
What are vibrissae?
whiskers
113
What kind of response is pressure?
neuro-reflex
114
What kind of receptors are pain?
Nocci
115
What are pain receptors like?
neurologically similar, free-ending nerves in the skin surface
116
How are pain response different in dogs than humans?
Wolves and dogs are tough and feel pain but are known to hide it
117
What kind of estrous cycle do dogs have?
diestrous (4-8 month intervals)
118
What kind of estrous cycle do wolves have?
monoestrous
119
How causes obesity in dogs/cats?
overfeeding, fed wrong foods, no exercise, spaying and neutering changes the hormones and makes them less active, age, health condition, genetics
120
What is a problem with insurance?
Some insurance won't cover for certain "more vicious" dog breeds"
121
What breeds will some insurance not cover for?
Pitbull, Doberman Pincher, Rottweiler, Chow Chows, Great Danes
122
Where were cats domesticated?
Europe and Asia
123
What were cats domesticated from in Europe?
European wild cat
124
What were cats domesticated from in Asia?
African/Asian wild cat (fertile crescent)
125
What was the self domestication process of cats?
enhanced agricultural output led to grain storage. This attracted rodents which attracted predators, decreasing their flight zone. The predator population increases which led to taming and then domestication.
126
What role did cats have in the Black Plague?
Plague was carried by fleas on rats. When the cats would attack rats, they'd catch the fleas and spread the disease. On the other hand, they also decreased rat populations through hunting. Cats were blamed and killed for allegedly spreading the plague, even though humans could pass it between each other.
127
What types of relationships do cats have with humans?
symbiotic, commensal, exploitative captive, and pet concept
128
What is a symbiotic relationship?
both benefit (humans get pests eliminated and cats get food and shelter)
129
What is a commensal relationship?
one party benefits and other is not harmed (present in same location as man, consume leftovers and eliminate pests)
130
What is an exploitative captive?
captive of humans but exploit their relationship to their benefit
131
What is an adult female cat called?
Queen
132
What is an adult male cat called?
Tom
133
What is a castrated male cat called?
Gib
134
What are young cats called?
Kittens
135
What is the cat parturition process called?
Kittening/Queening
136
How many cat breeds are there?
41
137
What are 5 cat breeds?
Siamese, Russian Blue, Scottish Fold, Ragdoll, Persian
138
Why are cats the least domesticated domesticated animal?
readily revert to feral state
139
Can feral cats be rehabilitated?
it is almost impossible
140
How do feral cats live?
solitary or commensal colonies
141
What is a key component to diminish feral activity?
kitten socialization
142
How does breed type limit some breeds?
- Persian cats have Brachycephalic (smushed nosed)
- Siamese cats have albinism gene and progressive retinal atrophy
- extreme long hair to short hair (no hair)
143
How are feral cats dealt with?
trap, spay, and rehab
144
What kind of estrous do cats have?
polyestrous (multiple a year)
145
Describe cat estrous cycle?
average 14-21 days, ranges 4-30 days
146
How do cats have seasonal estrous?
respond more to daylight, show more estrous when days are longer (long day)
147
What do queens housed together do?
synchronize estrous cycle
148
How do long haired and short haired cats differ in estrous?
long hair- 10% regular cycles year round
| short hair- 60% regular cycles year round
149
What diseases can cats spread to people?
Cat scratch disease, salmonellosis, ringworm, rabies, roundworms and hookworms, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis
150
How are cats induced ovulators?
when mating does not occur, ovulation doesn't occur and CL isn't formed
151
What are bitches that don't become pregnant considered?
pseudopregnant
